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Combining energetic profitability and cover effects to evaluate salmonid habitat quality

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Abstract

Recent studies have demonstrated that the energetic profitability (net energy intake potential; NEI potential) of a habitat, which is calculated as the gross energy gain from foraging minus the energy expenditure from swimming at a focal point, may be a useful tool for predicting the salmonid biomass. The effectiveness of the NEI potential should be tested in various systems. Even if the NEI potential is validated, its predictive accuracy and transferability could be limited if the cover habitat, which is known to be an important factor for determining salmonid abundance, is not considered. We tested whether the NEI potential is effective for predicting the salmonid biomass even in a stream with abundant cover and whether combining the NEI potential and cover effects can improve the predictability of fish biomass using a generalized linear model. Our results demonstrated that the NEI potential could generally predict the fish biomass (percent deviance explained = 79.9 %), and the model that incorporated both the NEI potential and the cover ratio improved the predictive accuracy (percent deviance explained = 88.5 %). These results suggest that energetic profitability can be an effective indicator for assessing habitat quality and is relatively transferable to other systems. Furthermore, when cover effects are considered, the habitat quality is more accurately represented; thus, combining the energetic profitability and the cover effects might improve the transferability of the assessment across habitats.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful for the support of the Grants in Aid for Scientific Research (No. 19208013) from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture, Japan, and for the grant from the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S9 and 4D-1201) from the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. We also thank the graduate students, particularly T. Seno and N. Ishiyama, Hokkaido University, for their assistance in conducting the fieldwork. This research was conducted in accordance with the appropriate animal care guidelines.

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  1. Shigeya Nagayama

    Present address: Aqua Restoration Research Center, Public Works Research Institute, Kawashimakasada, Kakamigahara, Gifu, 501-6021, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan

    Hideyuki Kawai, Shigeya Nagayama, Takumi Akasaka & Futoshi Nakamura

  2. Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Kitakashiwagi, Eniwa, Hokkaido, Japan

    Hirokazu Urabe

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  1. Hideyuki Kawai
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  2. Shigeya Nagayama
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Correspondence to Shigeya Nagayama.

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Kawai, H., Nagayama, S., Urabe, H. et al. Combining energetic profitability and cover effects to evaluate salmonid habitat quality. Environ Biol Fish 97, 575–586 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-013-0217-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-013-0217-4

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