Skip to main content
Log in

The level set method for the two-sided max-plus eigenproblem

  • Published:
Discrete Event Dynamic Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We consider the max-plus analogue of the eigenproblem for matrix pencils, A ⊗ x = λ ⊗ B ⊗ x. We show that the spectrum of (A,B) (i.e., the set of possible values of λ), which is a finite union of intervals, can be computed in pseudo-polynomial number of operations, by a (pseudo-polynomial) number of calls to an oracle that computes the value of a mean payoff game. The proof relies on the introduction of a spectral function, which we interpret in terms of the least Chebyshev distance between A ⊗ x and λ ⊗ B ⊗ x. The spectrum is obtained as the zero level set of this function.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akian M, Bapat R, Gaubert S (1998) Asymptotics of the Perron eigenvalue and eigenvector using max-algebra. Comptes Rendus Acad Sci Ser I 327:927–932

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Akian M, Bapat R, Gaubert S (2004) Perturbation of eigenvalues of matrix pencils and optimal assignment problem. Comptes Rendus Acad Sci Ser I 339:103–108. arXiv:math/0402438

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Akian M, Bapat R, Gaubert S (2004–2006) Min-plus methods in eigenvalue perturbation theory and generalized Lidskiĭ–Višik–Ljusternik theorem. arXiv:math/0402090v3

  • Akian M, Gaubert S, Kolokoltsov V (2005) Set coverings and invertibility of the functional galois connections. In: Litvinov GL, Maslov VP (eds) Idempotent mathematics and mathematical physics. Cont Math, vol 377. AMS, Providence, pp 19–51. arXiv:math.FA/0403441

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Akian M, Bapat R, Gaubert S (2006) Max-plus algebras. In: Hogben L (ed) Handbook of linear algebra (discrete mathematics and its applications), vol 39, chap 25. Chapman & Hall/CRC

  • Akian M, Gaubert S, Nitica V, Singer I (2011) Best approximation in max-plus semimodules. Linear Algebra Appl 435(12):3261–3296. arXiv:1012.5492

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Akian M, Gaubert S, Guterman A (2012) Tropical polyhedra are equivalent to mean payoff games. Int J Algebra Comput 22(1):125001 (43 pages). doi:10.1142/S0218196711006674, arXiv:0912.2462

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Allamigeon X, Gaubert S, Katz RD (2011) Tropical polar cones, hypergraph transversals, and mean payoff games. Linear Algebra Appl 435(7):1549–1574. arXiv:1004.2778

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Baccelli FL, Cohen G, Olsder GJ, Quadrat JP (1992) Synchronization and linearity: an algebra for discrete event systems. Wiley

  • Binding P, Volkmer H (2007) A generalized eigenvalue problem in the max algebra. Linear Algebra Appl 422:360–371

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bjorklund H, Vorobyov S (2007) A combinatorial strongly subexponential strategy improvement algorithm for mean payoff games. Discrete Appl Math 155:210–229

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Burns SM (1991) Performance analysis and optimization of asynchronous circuits. PhD thesis, California Institute of Technology

  • Burns SM, Hulgaard H, Amon T, Borriello G (1995) An algorithm for exact bounds on the time separation of events in concurrent systems. IEEE Trans Comput 44(11):1306–1317. doi:10.1109/12.475126

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Butkovič P (2003) Max-algebra: the linear algebra of combinatorics? Linear Algebra Appl 367:313–335

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Butkovič P (2010) Max-linear systems: theory and algorithms. Springer

  • Cochet-Terrasson J, Gaubert S, Gunawardena J (1999) A constructive fixed-point theorem for min–max functions. Dyn Stab Syst 14(4):407–433

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen G, Gaubert S, Nikoukhah R, Quadrat J (1991) Second order theory of min-linear systems and its application to discrete event systems. In: Proceedings of the 30th CDC, Brighton. doi:10.1109/CDC.1991.261654

  • Cohen G, Gaubert S, Quadrat JP, Singer I (2005) Max-plus convex sets and functions. In: Litvinov G, Maslov V (eds) Idempotent mathematics and mathematical physics. Contemporary mathematics, vol 377. AMS, Providence, pp 105–129. arXiv:math/0308166

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuninghame-Green RA (1979) Minimax algebra. In: Lecture notes in economics and mathematical systems, vol 166. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuninghame-Green RA, Butkovič P (2003) The equation A ⊗ x = B ⊗ y over (max,+). Theor Comp Sci 293:3–12

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Cuninghame-Green RA, Butkovič P (2008) Generalised eigenproblem in max algebra. In: Proceedings of the 9th international workshop WODES 2008, pp 236–241. Available online from http://web.mat.bham.ac.uk/P.Butkovic/Grant.html (preprint)

  • De Schutter B, De Moor B (1996) A method to find all solutions of a system of multivariate polynomial equalities and inequalities in the max algebra. Discret Event Dyn Syst 6:115–138

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Develin M, Sturmfels B (2004) Tropical convexity. Doc Math 9:1–27 (electronic). arXiv:math.MG/0308254

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Dhingra V, Gaubert S (2006) How to solve large scale deterministic games with mean payoff by policy iteration. In: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on performance evaluation methodologies and tools (VALUETOOLS), vol 180. Pisa, Italy. Article No. 12

  • Gaubert S, Gunawardena J (1998a) The duality theorem for min–max functions. C R Acad Sci Paris 326(I):43–48

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gaubert S, Gunawardena J (1998b) A non-linear hierarchy for discrete event dynamical systems. In: Proc. of the fourth workshop on discrete event systems (WODES98). IEE, Cagliari, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaubert S, Katz RD (2009) The tropical analogue of polar cones. Linear Algebra Appl 431(5–7):608–625. arXiv:0805.3688

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gaubert S, Sergeev S (2008) Cyclic projectors and separation theorems in idempotent convex geometry. J Math Sci 155(6):815–829. arXiv:math/0706.3347

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gaubert S, Katz RD, Sergeev S (2011) Tropical linear programming and parametric mean-payoff games. J Symb Comput. arXiv:1101.3431 doi:10.1016/j.jsc.2011.12.049 (to appear)

  • Gunawardena J (1994) Min-max functions. Discret Event Dyn Syst 4:377–406

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Heidergott B, Olsder GJ, van der Woude J (2005) Max-plus at work. Princeton Univ. Press

  • Kolokoltsov VN, Maslov VP (1997) Idempotent analysis and its applications. Kluwer Academic Pub.

  • Liggett TM, Lippman SA (1969) Stochastic games with perfect information and time average payoff. SIAM Rev 11:604–607

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Litvinov GL, Maslov VP, Shpiz GB (2001) Idempotent functional analysis: an algebraic approach. Math Notes (Moscow) 69(5):758–797. arXiv:math.FA/0009128

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald JJ, Olesky DD, Schneider H, Tsatsomeros MJ, van den Driessche P (1998) Z-pencils. Electron J Linear Algebra 4:32–38

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Mehrmann V, Nabben R, Virnik E (2008) Generalization of Perron–Frobenius theory to matrix pencils. Linear Algebra Appl 428:20–38

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Minc H (1988) Nonnegative matrices. Wiley

  • Möhring RH, Skutella M, Stork F (2004) Scheduling with AND/OR precedence constraints. SIAM J Comput 33(2):393–415 (electronic). doi:10.1137/S009753970037727X

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum R (1986) Convexity and log convexity for the spectral radius. Linear Algebra Appl 73:59–122

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Olsder G (1991) Eigenvalues of dynamic min–max functions. Discret Event Dyn Syst 1:177–207

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Sergeev S (2009) Multiorder, Kleene stars and cyclic projectors in the geometry of max cones. In: Litvinov GL, Sergeev SN (eds) Tropical and idempotent mathematics. Cont Math, vol 495. AMS, Providence, pp 317–342. arXiv:0807.0921

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sergeev S (2010) Mean-payoff games and parametric tropical two-sided systems. University of Birmingham, School of Mathematics, Preprint 2010/15. Available online from http://web.mat.bham.ac.uk/P.Butkovic/Grant.html

  • Sergeev S (2011) On the problem Ax = λB x in max algebra: every system of intervals is a spectrum. Kybernetika 47(5):715–721. arXiv:1001.4051

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zwick U, Paterson M (1996) The complexity of mean payoff games on graphs. Theor Comp Sci 158(1–2):343–359

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Peter Butkovič and Hans Schneider for many useful discussions which have been at the origin of this work. We are also grateful to the referees for their careful reading and many useful remarks.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sergeĭ Sergeev.

Additional information

The first author was partially supported by the Arpege programme of the French National Agency of Research (ANR), project “ASOPT”, number ANR-08-SEGI-005, by the Digiteo project DIM08 “PASO” number 3389, and by a LEA “Math Mode” grant for 2009–2010. The second author was supported by the EPSRC grant RRAH12809 and the RFBR grant 08-01-00601. He was with INRIA and Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées, École Polytechnique when the present (revised) version of this paper was prepared.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gaubert, S., Sergeev, S. The level set method for the two-sided max-plus eigenproblem. Discrete Event Dyn Syst 23, 105–134 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10626-012-0137-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10626-012-0137-z

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classifications (2010)

Navigation