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Folate Intake and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

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Abstract

Introduction

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal malignancies and primary prevention strategies are limited. Epidemiological studies focusing on the association between folate intake and pancreatic cancer risk have reported inconsistent findings.

Methods

A systematic search of the literature was conducted using the PubMed and EMBASE databases. A systematic review and meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed to assess the association between folate intake and risk of pancreatic cancer.

Results

A total of 16 studies involving 5654 cases and 1,009,374 individuals were included. The result showed a significant association of folate intake with a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer, with a pooled OR of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.69–0.97, P = 0.019) for the highest category of intake vs. the lowest. The data suggested that high intake of folate may contribute to the prevention of pancreatic cancer. However, the association was observed only in case–control studies (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65–0.93, P = 0.006), but not in cohort studies (RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.66–1.09, P = 0.244). Dose–response meta-analysis showed that an increment of folate intake (100 μg/day) was marginally associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer, with a pooled OR of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93–1.00, P = 0.053).

Conclusion

High folate intake might be inversely associated with pancreatic cancer risk, which needs to be confirmed.

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Acknowledgment

We thank Editage of Cactus Communications for the English language editing of the article.

Funding

This work was funded by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XDJK2020D030).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China

    Hongjuan Fu, Jie Zeng, Chang Liu, Yi Gu, Yixin Zou & Hui Chang

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  1. Hongjuan Fu
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  2. Jie Zeng
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  3. Chang Liu
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  4. Yi Gu
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Contributions

HC, HJF and JZ developed the study concept, designed the study, conducted the electronic searches and wrote the draft of the manuscript. HJF, CL, YG and YXZ conducted validity assessment, data extraction and provided critical review of the manuscript. HJF, JZ and CL tabulated data and conducted meta-analyses. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hui Chang.

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Fu, H., Zeng, J., Liu, C. et al. Folate Intake and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies. Dig Dis Sci 66, 2368–2379 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-020-06525-7

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