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Protective Effects of Garlic Extract, PMK-S005, Against Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs–Induced Acute Gastric Damage in Rats

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Abstract

Background

PMK-S005 is synthetic s-allyl-l-cysteine (SAC), a sulfur-containing amino acid, which was initially isolated from garlic. The antioxidant and anti-inflammation activities of SAC have been demonstrated in diverse experimental animal models.

Aims

The purpose of this study was to investigate the gastroprotective effects of PMK-S005 against NSAIDs-induced acute gastric damage in rats.

Methods

Eight-week SD rats were pretreated with PMK-S005 (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) or rebamipide (50 mg/kg) 1 h before administration of NSAIDs including aspirin (200 mg/kg), diclofenac (80 mg/kg), and indomethacin (40 mg/kg). After 4 h, the gross ulcer index, histological index, and gastric mucus level were determined. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE2, and LTB4 levels were estimated in the gastric mucosal tissue by ELISA. Protein expressions of cPLA2, COX-1, and COX-2 were assessed by Western blot analysis.

Results

Pretreatment with PMK-S005 significantly attenuated the NSAIDs-induced gastric damage and increased the gastric mucus level. In addition, PMK-S005 attenuated increases in MPO, TNF-α, and IL-1β production. The expressions of cPLA2 and COX-2 induced by NSAIDs were decreased by PMK-S005 pretreatment. PMK-S005 did not cause suppression of PGE2 synthesis induced by NSAIDs, but LTB4 production was significantly suppressed by PMK-S005. The effects of PMK-S005 were consistently maximized at a concentration of 5 mg/kg, which were frequently superior to those of rebamipide.

Conclusions

These results strongly suggest that PMK-S005 can be a useful gastroprotective agent against acute gastric mucosal damage by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines, down-regulating cPLA2, COX-2 and LTB4 expression, and increasing the synthesis of mucus.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Chungcheong leading industry promotion project of the Korean Ministry of Knowledge Economy.

Conflict of interest

None of the authors have any conflict of interest or financial arrangements that could potentially influence the described research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea

    Yoon Jeong Choi, Nayoung Kim, Ju Yup Lee, Ryoung Hee Nam, Hyun Chang, Ji Hyung Seo, Kyu Keun Kang, Hee Jin Kim, Yun Jin Choi & Dong Ho Lee

  2. Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea

    Hye Seung Lee

  3. Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

    Nayoung Kim & Dong Ho Lee

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  1. Yoon Jeong Choi
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Correspondence to Nayoung Kim.

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Choi, Y.J., Kim, N., Lee, J.Y. et al. Protective Effects of Garlic Extract, PMK-S005, Against Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs–Induced Acute Gastric Damage in Rats. Dig Dis Sci 59, 2927–2934 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-014-3370-5

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