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Temporal Expression of Cytokines in Rat Cutaneous, Fascial, and Intestinal Wounds: A Comparative Study

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Abstract

Background

Previous studies have shown that healing in intestinal wounds is proportionally faster than skin. Cytokines and growth factors play a major role in these coordinated wound-healing events. We hypothesized that this more rapid intestinal healing is due to an early upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), followed by increases in the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and growth factor TGF-β.

Methods

Four wounds (skin, fascia, small intestinal, and colonic anastomosis) were created in each of 48 juvenile male Sprague Dawley rats; tissue samples of each site were harvested at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days postoperatively (n = 8/group) and levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β expression from each site were measured using ELISA kits.

Results

IL-1β expression peaked earlier in small-intestinal and colonic wounds when compared to skin or fascia (e.g., small intestine: day 3 and colon day 5, P < 0.05 by ANOVA). Post-wounding levels of TNF-α were elevated in fascial wounds, but decreased in small-intestinal and colonic wounds. IFN-γ levels were not significantly altered in any wounds. IL-10 showed a similar downregulation pattern in all wounds, while TGF-B levels were decreased in colonic and fascial wounds, but relatively unchanged in SI and skin.

Conclusions

An earlier peak in IL-1β levels and a consistent decrease in TNF-α were seen in healing intestinal tissues; but no clear pattern of increased anti-inflammatory or regulatory cytokines was seen, which might explain the earlier healing of intestinal tissues. Additional studies are required to determine the role of individual cytokines, or the intrinsic reactivity of the tissues may explain the site specific differences of healing rates in different tissues.

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Acknowledgments

Dr. Zubaidi was sponsored by the Saudi Arabian Government Medical Mission in Canada. Dr. Sigalet’s lab received generous support from a research grant from the University of Calgary, and the Alberta Children’s Hospital. Dr. Hart received support from a CIHR Net Grant from the Institute for Gender and Health Studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Ahmad Zubaidi & W. Donald Buie

  2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    David A. Hart

  3. Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    David Sigalet

  4. Alberta Children’s Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada

    David Sigalet

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  1. Ahmad Zubaidi
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  2. W. Donald Buie
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  4. David Sigalet
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Correspondence to David Sigalet.

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Zubaidi, A., Buie, W.D., Hart, D.A. et al. Temporal Expression of Cytokines in Rat Cutaneous, Fascial, and Intestinal Wounds: A Comparative Study. Dig Dis Sci 55, 1581–1588 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-009-0931-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-009-0931-0

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