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People-to-People-to-Geographical-Places: The P3 Framework for Location-Based Community Systems

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Abstract

In this paper we examine an emerging class of systems that link People-to-People-to-Geographical-Places; we call these P3-Systems. Through analyzing the literature, we have identified four major P3-System design techniques: People-Centered systems that use either absolute user location (e.g. Active Badge) or user proximity (e.g. Hocman) and Place-Centered systems based on either a representation of people’s use of physical spaces (e.g. ActiveMap) or on a matching virtual space that enables online interaction linked to physical location (e.g. Geonotes). In addition, each feature can be instantiated synchronously or asynchronously. The P3-System framework organizes existing systems into meaningful categories and structures the design space for an interesting new class of potentially context-aware systems. Our discussion of the framework suggests new ways of understanding and addressing the privacy concerns associated with location aware community system and outlines additional socio-technical challenges and opportunities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information Systems College of Computing Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA

    Quentin Jones & Sukeshini A. Grandhi

  2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, 4-192 EE/CS Building, 200 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Loren Terveen

  3. Department of Information Studies, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK

    Steve Whittaker

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  1. Quentin Jones
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  2. Sukeshini A. Grandhi
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  4. Steve Whittaker
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Correspondence to Quentin Jones.

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Jones, Q., Grandhi, S.A., Terveen, L. et al. People-to-People-to-Geographical-Places: The P3 Framework for Location-Based Community Systems. Comput Supported Coop Work 13, 249–282 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-004-2803-7

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