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Wild to crop introgression and genetic diversity in Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) in traditional Mayan milpas from Mexico

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Abstract

Despite the evolutionary, ecological and economic importance of introgression between a domesticated species and its wild relatives in centers of diversity and domestication, the role of traditional farmers in this process has received limited attention. In the Yucatan Peninsula, the region of Mexico that has the greatest amount of domesticated varieties of Lima bean, wild populations grow sympatrically with conspecific varieties, allowing the Mayan farmer to act directly on introgressed seed. We used 11 microsatellite loci to assess levels of introgression in three wild-domesticated complexes of Lima bean from the Yucatan Peninsula and analyze its impact on the genetic diversity of this crop. structure and InStruct analyses showed similar results. The Instruct analysis indicated that the complex with the lowest level of introgression was one where the farmer actively selected against wild plants and introgressed seed. In contrast, the complex with the highest level of introgression was one where the farmer has been consciously selecting a weedy morphotype for 15 years and has already incorporated it into his diet. Genetic diversity of the domesticated pool was higher in the complex with the higher level of introgression. This study showed that farmers have an important role in limiting or favoring the wild to crop introgression and influencing the levels of genetic diversity in their domesticated pool. Only when traditional farmers’ knowledge is taken into account can we correctly understand the dynamics, generation and maintenance of genetic diversity of the landraces in the centers of diversity and domestication.

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Acknowledgments

This paper is part of the research for the first author’s Master’s thesis at the Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C., postgraduate studies in Biological Sciences Option Natural Resources, conducted under the direction of Jaime Martínez-Castillo. We thank Patricia Colunga-GarcíaMarín, Daniel Zizumbo-Villarreal and Silvia Terán-Contreras for academic advice, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. The first author thanks the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-Mexico for a scholarship for his postgraduate studies and Ciencia Básica-CONACYT (project number 54788) for financial support for the research. The authors thank B. Hazen for help reviewing the English.

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  1. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Dzul-Tejero Félix, Julián Coello-Coello & Jaime Martínez-Castillo

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  1. Dzul-Tejero Félix
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Félix, DT., Coello-Coello, J. & Martínez-Castillo, J. Wild to crop introgression and genetic diversity in Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) in traditional Mayan milpas from Mexico. Conserv Genet 15, 1315–1328 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0619-7

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