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Microsatellite DNA data point to extensive but incomplete admixture in a marble and brown trout hybridisation zone

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Abstract

Marble trout, endemic to the Adriatic drainage basin, is severely threatened by hybridisation with non-native brown trout. In the present study, we analysed 12 microsatellite DNA loci to assess genetic population structure and differentiation between sympatric phenotypic marble and brown trout at nine sampling sites in the upper Etsch/Adige River system. F ST and AMOVA analyses revealed significant genetic differentiation between marble and brown trout samples. Thus, admixture between brown and marble trout appears to be incomplete. However, factorial correspondence analysis depicted marble trout, Atlantic brown trout and intermediate genotypes. Bayesian-based individual assignment tests identified indigenous marble trout at five sampling sites. In four other samples no ‘pure’ marble trout were detected. Bidirectional, first-generation hybridisation, involving both sexes of both parental species was observed. In locations where ‘pure’ marble trout still exist, post-F1 hybridisation appears to be directed towards brown trout. This has likely slowed the rate of hybridisation between the two trout species and the decline of relic marble trout populations. Based on these results, restoration management actions are proposed, such as the abandonment of brown trout stocking activities, sharper angling policies, establishment of indigenous marble trout breeding strains and the elaboration of a conservation priority list.

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Acknowledgments

The present study is part of the project ‘TroutExamInvest’ funded by the European Union under its Interreg IIIA programme between Italy and Austria, and the Governments of South Tyrol (Italy) and Tyrol (Austria). The authors thank the head and the collaborators of the Fisheries Office of the Autonomous Province of Bozen/Bolzano, especially H. Erhard and H. Grund for their assistance during sampling activities. Furthermore, the authors thank A. Snoj from the University of Ljubljana (Slovenia) for providing DNA extracts from Slovenian marble trout populations, N. Medgyesy and R. Lackner from the University of Innsbruck for providing samples of the Danubian brown trout population as well as the three anonymous reviewers and G. Buemberger for their valuable suggestions to improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Laimburg, 39040, Auer/Ora, BZ, Italy

    Andreas Meraner, Sanja Baric & Josef Dalla Via

  2. Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Bernd Pelster

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  1. Andreas Meraner
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  2. Sanja Baric
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  3. Bernd Pelster
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  4. Josef Dalla Via
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Correspondence to Sanja Baric.

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Appendix

Appendix

See Tables 5 and 6.

Table 5 Pairwise F ST values between the trout populations from South Tyrol and reference samples
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Table 6 ΔK values calculated for each of the nine sampling sites in South Tyrol according to the method described by Evanno et al. (2005)
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Meraner, A., Baric, S., Pelster, B. et al. Microsatellite DNA data point to extensive but incomplete admixture in a marble and brown trout hybridisation zone. Conserv Genet 11, 985–998 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-009-9942-9

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