Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between child abuse and dysfunctional adult relationship patterns. John Gottman’s Sound Marital House Theory describes different dysfunctional adult relationship patterns including Negative Sentiment Override (NSO), Flooding, and the Distance and Isolation Cascade. In the present study, data analysis indicated that child abuse predicts the experiencing of NSO, NSO predicts the experiencing of flooding, and flooding predicts the experiencing of the distance and isolation cascade. Analysis showed that a subscale of child abuse, negative home environment predicts NSO, flooding, and the distance and isolation cascade.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beers, S. R., & DeBellis, M. D. (2002). Neuropsychological function in children with maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 3, 483–486.
Blaauw, E., Arensman, E., Kraaij, V., Winkel, F. W., & Bout, R. (2002). Traumatic life events and suicide risk among jail inmates: The influence of types of events, time period and significant others. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15(1), 9–16.
Briere, J., & Runtz, M. (1988). Multivariate correlates of childhood psychological and physical maltreatment among university women. Child Abuse & Neglect, 12, 331–341.
Buehler, C., & Gerard, J. M. (2002). Marital conflict, ineffective parenting, and children’s and adolescents’ maladjustment. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 78–92.
Chop, S. M. (2003). Relationship therapy with child victims of sexual abuse placed in residential care. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 20(4), 297–301.
Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Rogal, S. (2001). Treatment practices for childhood posttraumatic stress disorder. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25, 123–135.
Compton, J. S., & Follette, V. M. (2002). Couple therapy when a partner has a history of child sexual abuse. In A. S. Gurman & N. S. Jacobson (Eds.), Clinical handbook of couple therapy (pp. 466–487). New York: Guilford Press.
Davidson, A. C., & Mellor, D. J. (2001). The adjustment of children of Australian Vietnam veterans: Is there evidence for the transgenerational transmission of the effects of war-related trauma? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 345–351.
Drach, K. M., Wientzen, J., & Ricci, L. R. (2001). The diagnostic utility of sexual behavior problems in diagnosing sexual abuse in a forensic child abuse evaluation clinic. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25, 489–503.
Felitti, V. J. (2002). The relation between adverse childhood experiences and adult health: Turning gold into lead. The Permanente Journal, 6(1), 1–8.
Foshee, V. A., & Linder, G. F. (1999). Family violence and the perpetration of adolescent dating violence: Examining social learning and social control processes. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61(2), 331–342.
Gottman, J. M. (1982). Temporal form: Toward a new language for describing relationships. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 44(4), 943–962.
Gottman, J. M. (1999). The marriage clinic: A scientifically based marital therapy. New York: Norton.
Gottman, J. M., Driver, J., & Tabares, A. (2002). Building the sound marital house: An empirically derived couple therapy. In A. S. Gurman & N. S. Jacobson (Eds.), Clinical handbook of couple therapy (pp. 373–399). New York: Guilford Press.
Gottman, J. M., & Katz, L. F. (1989). Effects of marital discord on young children’s peer interaction and health. Developmental Psychology, 25(3), 373–381.
Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (2002a). A two-factor model for predicting when a couple will divorce: Exploratory analyses using 14-year longitudinal data. Family Process, 41(1), 83–96.
Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (2002b). Generating hypotheses after 14 years of marital followup; Or, how should one speculate? A reply to DeKay, Greeno, and Houck. Family Process, 41(1), 105–110.
Gottman, J. M., Markman, H., & Notarius, C. (1977). The topography of marital conflict: A sequential analysis of verbal and nonverbal behavior. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 39(3), 461–477.
Gottman, J. M., & Silver, N. (1999). The seven principles for making marriage work. New York: Three Rivers Press.
Gregg, V. R. (1999). When abused children grown up. Emory Medicine [On-line], Summer. Available: http://www.emory.edu/WHSC/HSNEWS/PUB/EM/EMSummer99/abuse.html
Grills, A. E., & Ollendick, R. H. (2002) Peer victimization, global self-worth, and anxiety in middle school children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescen Psychology, 31(1), 59–68.
Hamilton, C. E., Falshaw, L., & Browne, K. D. (2002). The link between recurrent maltreatment and offending behavior. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 46(1), 75–94.
Heyman, R. E., & Smith Slep, A. M. (2002). Do child abuse and interparental violence lead to adulthood family violence? Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 864–870.
Hillis, S. D, Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., & Marchbanks, P. A. (2001). Adverse childhood experiences and sexual risk behaviors in women: A retrospective cohort study. Family Planning Perspectives, 33(5), 206–211.
Johnson, D. R., & Booth, A. (1998). Marital quality: A product of the dyadic environment or individual factors? Social Forces, 76(3), 883–904.
Katz, R. S. (2000). Explaining girls’ and women’s crime and desistance in the context of their victimization experiences: A developmental test of revised strain theory and the life course perspective. Violence Against Women, 6(6), 633–660.
Kaufman, J., & Cicchetti, D. (1989). Effects of maltreatment on school-age children’s socioemotional development: Assessment in a day-camp setting. Developmental Psychology, 25(4), 516–524.
Key, S. W., DeNoon, D. J., & Boyles, S. (1998). Adult health problems linked to traumatic childhood experiences. World Disease Weekly Plus, 20–22.
Kochenderfer-Ladd, B., & Skinner, K. (2002). Children’s copmg strategies: Moderators of the effects of peer victimization? Developmental Psychology, 38(2), 267–278.
Kruschnitt, C., Ward, D., & Sheble, M. A. (1987). Abuse resistant youth: Some factors that may inhibit violent criminal behavior. Social Forces, 66(2), 501–519.
Luster, T., & Small, S. A. (1997). Sexual abuse history and problems in adolescence: Exploring the effects of moderating variables. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59(1), 131–142.
Matto, H. C. (1998). Cognitive-constructivist art therapy model: A pragmatic approach for social work practice. The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 79(6), 631–640.
Merrill, L. L., Hervig, L. K., & Milner, J. S. (1996). Childhood parenting experiences, intimate partner conflict resolution, and adult risk for child physical abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(11), 1049–1065.
Molnar, B. E., Berkman, L., & Buka, S. L. (2001). Psychopathology, childhood sexual abuse and other childhood adversities: Relative links to subsequent suicidal behavior in the US. Psychological Medicine, 31, 965–977.
Nelson, B. S., & Wampler, K. S. (2000). Systemic effects of trauma in clinic couples: An exploratory study of secondary trauma resulting from childhood abuse. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 26(2), 171–184.
Pistorello, J., & Follette, V. M. (1998). Childhood sexual abuse and couples’ relationships: Female survivors’ reports in therapy groups. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 24(4), 473–485.
Porter, C. L., Wouden-Miller, M., Silva, S. S., & Porter, A. E. (2003). Marital harmony and conflict: Links to infants’ emotional regulation and cardiac vagal tone. Infancy, 4(2), 297–307.
Rodriguez, N., Ryan, S. W., Rowan, A. B., & Foy, D. W. (1996). Posttraumatic stress disorder in a clinical sample of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(10), 943–954.
Sanders, B., & Becker-Lausen, E. (1995). The measurement of psychological maltreatment: Early data on the child abuse and trauma scale. Child Abuse & Neglect, 19(3), 315–323.
Simonelli, C. J., Mullis, T., Elliott, A. N., & Pierce, T. W. (2002). Abuse by siblings and subsequent experiences of violence within the dating relationship. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17(2), 103–121.
Swanston, H. Y., Parkinson, P. N., Oates, R. K., O’Toole, B. I., Plunkett, A. M., & Shrimpton, S. (2002). Further abuse of sexually abused children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26, 115–127.
Twenty-four questions (and answers) about professional practice in the area of child abuse (1995). Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 26(4), 377–385.
Varia, R., Abidin, R. R., & Dass, P. (1996). Perceptions of abuse: Effects on adult psychological and social adjustment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(6), 511–526.
Walker, M. (1999). The intergenerational transmission of trauma: The effects of abuse on the survivor’s relationship with their children and on the children themselves. European Journal of Psychotherapy, Counselling & Health, 2(3), 281–296.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tell, S.J., Pavkov, T., Hecker, L. et al. Adult Survivors of Child Abuse: An Application of John Gottman’s Sound Marital House Theory. Contemp Fam Ther 28, 225–238 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-006-9004-0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-006-9004-0