Skip to main content
Log in

Treasury Management Model with Foreign Exchange Exposure

  • Published:
Computational Optimization and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper we formulate a model for foreign exchange exposure management and (international) cash management taking into consideration random fluctuations of exchange rates. A vector error correction model (VECM) is used to predict the random behaviour of the forward as well as spot rates connecting dollar and sterling. A two-stage stochastic programming (TWOSP) decision model is formulated using these random parameter values. This model computes currency hedging strategies, which provide rolling decisions of how much forward contracts should be bought and how much should be liquidated.

The model decisions are investigated through ex post simulation and backtesting in which value at risk (VaR) for alternative decisions are computed. The investigation (a) shows that there is a considerable improvement to “spot only” strategy, (b) provides insight into how these decisions are made and (c) also validates the performance of this model.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. F. Abdullah and J. Wingender, “Multinational Financial Management: Foreign Exchange Exposure and International Cash Management,” Journal of the Midwest Finance Association, 1987.

  2. M. Adler and B. Dumas, “Exposure to Currency Risk: Definition and measurement.” Financial Management, vol. 13 pp. 41–50, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  3. V.S. Bawa, “Optimal Rules for Ordering Uncertain Prospects,” Journal of Financial Economics, vol. 2 pp. 95–121, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Beltratti, A. Consiglio, and S. Zenios, “Scenario Modelling for the Management of International Bond Portfolios,” Annals of Operations Research, vol. 85, pp. 227–247, 1999.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. A. Beltratti, A. Laurant, and S. Zenios, “Scenario Modelling for Selective Hedging Strategies,” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, vol. 28, pp. 955–974, 2004.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. J.R. Birge and F. Louveaux “Introduction to Stochastic Programming,” Springer-Verlag New York, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  7. S. Bradley and D. Crane, “A Dynamic Model for Bond Portfolio Management.” Management Science, vol. 19, pp. 139–151, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  8. R. Britto, “The Simultaneous Determination of Spot and Futures Prices in a Simple Model with Production Risk” Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 99, pp. 351–365, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  9. D. Carino, T. Kent, D. Myers, C. Stacy, M. Sylvanus, A. Turner, K. Watanabe, and W. Ziemba, “The Russel-Yasuda Kasai Model: An Asset/Liability Model for a Japanese Insurance Company Using Multistage Stochastic Programming,” Interfaces, vol. 24, pp. 29–49, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  10. F.X. Diebold and R.S. Mariano “Comparing Predictive Accuracy,” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, vol. 13, pp. 253–263, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  11. N. Di Domenica, B. Birbilis, G. Mitra, and P. Valente, “ Stochastic Programming and Scenario Generation within a Simulation Framework: An Information Systems Perspective,” Technical Report No (2004), Centre for the Analysis of Risk and Optimisation Modelling Applications (CARISMA).

  12. B. Dumas, “Short- and Long-term Hedging for the Corporation,” Discussion Paper No. 1083 (1994), Centre for Economic Policy Research, http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP1083.asp.

  13. M.R. Eaker and D. Grant, “Optimal Hedging of Uncertain and Long-term Foreign Exchange Exposure,” Journal of Banking and Finance, vol. 9, pp. 221–231, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. L. Ederington, “The Hedging Performance of the New Futures Markets,” The Journal of Finance, vol. 34, pp. 157–170, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  15. R.F. Engle and C.W.J. Granger, “Cointegration and Error-Correction: Representation, estimation, and testing,” Econometrica, vol. 55, pp. 251–276, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  16. P.C. Fishburn, “Mean-Risk Analysis with Risk Associated with Below-Target Returns,” American Economic Review, vol. 67, pp. 116–126, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  17. B. Golub, M. Holmer, R. McKendall, L. Pohlman, and S. Zenios, “A Stochastic Programming Model for Money Management,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 85, pp. 282–296, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. C.W.J. Granger, “Some Properties of Time Series Data and Their Use in Econometric Model Specifications,” Journal of Econometrics, vol. 16, pp. 121–130, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. C.W.J. Granger, “Co-integrated Variables and Error Correcting Models,” Discussion Paper No. 83-13a, University of California, San Diego, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  20. D. Hirschleifer, “Risk, Futures Pricing, and the Organization of Production in Commodity Markets,” Journal of Political Economy, vol. 96, pp. 1206–1220, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. J. Kerkvliet and M.H. Moffett, “The Hedging of an Uncertain Future Foreign Currency Cash Flow,” The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, vol. 26, pp. 565–578, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  22. P. Klaassen, J.F. Shapiro, and D.E. Spitz, “Sequential Decision Models for Selecting Currency Options,” Technical Report IFSRC No. 133-90, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, International Financial Services Research Centre, July 1990.

  23. R. Kouwenberg, “Scenario Generation and Stochastic Programming Models for Asset Liability Management”, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 134, pp. 279–292, 2001.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. M.I. Kusy and W.T. Ziemba, “A Bank Asset and Liability Management Model,” Operations Research, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 356–376, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  25. C.C. Kwok, “Hedging Foreign Exchange Exposures: Independent vs. Integrative Approaches,” Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 18, pp. 33–51, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. R.O. Michaud, “Efficient Asset Management: A Practical Guide to Stock Portfolio Optimization and Aset Allocation”.

  27. C. Poojari, C. Lucas, and G. Mitra, “A Decision Model for Natural Oil Buying Policy under Uncertainty” in Proceding of Industrial Mat. Conference, M. Joshi and A. Pani (Eds.), Springer Verlag (2004).

  28. J. Rolfo, “Optimal Hedging under Price and Quantity Uncertainty: The Case of a Cocoa Producer,” Journal of Political Economy, vol. 88, pp. 100–116, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. A.C. Shapiro, “Currency Risk and Relative Price Risk,” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, vol. 19, pp. 365–373, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  30. R. Sharda and K. Musser, “Financial Futures Hedging via Goal Programming,” Management Science, pp. 933–947, 1986.

  31. R. Sharda and J. Wingender, “Multiobjective Approach to Hedging with Foreign Exchange Futures,” Advances in Mathematical Programming and Financial Planning, vol. 3, pp. 193–209, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  32. J.E. Stigliz, “Futures Markets and Risk: A General Equilibrium Approach,” in Futures Markets: Modelling Managing, and Monitoring Futures Trading, Manfred Streit (ed.). Oxford: Basil Blackwell (1983) pp. 75–106.

    Google Scholar 

  33. P.E. Swanson and S.C. Caples, “Hedging Foreign Exchange Risk Using Forward Foreign Exchange Markets: An extension,” Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 18, pp. 75–82, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. F. Taylor, “Mastering Foreign Exchange and Currency Options: A Practical Guide to the New Marketplace” 2nd edition, Financial Times Prentice Hall, 2003.

  35. N. Topaloglou, H. Vladimirou, and S. Zenios, “CVaR Models with Selective Hedging for International Asset Allocation,” Journal of Banking and Finance, vol. 26, pp. 1535–1561, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. P. Valente, G. Mitra, and C. Poojari. “A Stochastic Programming Integrated Environment (SPInE),” in S.W. Wallace and W. T. Ziemba (Eds.) to appear in MPS/SIAM Series on Optimisation: Applications of Stochastic Programming (2004).

  37. J. Wingender and R. Sharda, “A Goal Programming Approach for Hedging a Portfolio with Financial Futures: An Empirical Test,” Advances in Mathematical Programming and Financial Planning, vol. 4, pp. 223–249, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  38. J. Wu and S. Sen, “A Stochastic Programming Model for Currency Option Hedging,” Annals of Operations Research, vol. 100, pp. 227–250, 2000.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  39. E. Zivot, “Cointegration and Forward and Spot Exchange Rate Regressions,” Journal of Internationel Money and Finance, vol. 19, pp. 785–812, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Volosov, K., Mitra, G., Spagnolo, F. et al. Treasury Management Model with Foreign Exchange Exposure. Comput Optim Applic 32, 179–207 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10589-005-2059-2

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10589-005-2059-2

Keywords

Navigation