Skip to main content
Log in

A normative framework for agent-based systems

  • Published:
Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One of the key issues in the computational representation of open societies relates to the introduction of norms that help to cope with the heterogeneity, the autonomy and the diversity of interests among their members. Research regarding this issue presents two omissions. One is the lack of a canonical model of norms that facilitates their implementation, and that allows us to describe the processes of reasoning about norms. The other refers to considering, in the model of normative multi-agent systems, the perspective of individual agents and what they might need to effectively reason about the society in which they participate. Both are the concerns of this paper, and the main objective is to present a formal normative framework for agent-based systems that facilitates their implementation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Axelrod R (1986) An evolutionary approach to norms. Am Political Sci Rev 80(4):1095–1111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balzer W, Tuomela R (2001) Social institutions, norms and practices In: Dellarocas C, Conte R (eds) Social Order in Multi-Agent Systems, Kluwer, Academic Publishers, pp. 161–180

  • Barbuceanu M, Gray T, Mankovski S (1999) The role of obligations in multiagent coordination. Appl Arttif Intell 13(1/2):11–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bicchieri C (1990) Norms of cooperation. Ethics 100(4):838–861

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boella G, Lesmo L (2001) Deliberative normative agents. In: Dellarocas C, Conte R (eds) Social Order in Multi-Agent Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp 85–110

  • Boman M (1999) Norms in artificial decision making. Artif Intell Law 7(1):17–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castelfranchi C, Conte R, Paolucci M (1998) Normative reputation and the cost of compliance. J Artif Soc Social Simul 1(3)

  • Castelfranchi C, Dignum F, Jonker C, Treur J (2000) Deliberative normative agents: Principles and architecture In: Jennings N, Lesperance Y (eds) Intelligent agents VI (ATAL’99), LNAI 1757 Springer-Verlag, pp 206–220

  • Conte R, Castelfranchi C (1995) Cognitive and Social Action. UCL Press

  • Conte R, Castelfranchi C, Dignum F (1999a) Autonomous norm-acceptance. In: Müller J, Singh M, Rao A (eds) Intelligent agents V (ATAL’98), LNAI 1555 Springer-Verlag, pp 319–333

  • Conte R, Dellarocas C (2001) Social order in info societies: An old challenge for innovation In: Dellarocas C, Conte R (eds) Social Order in Multi-Agent Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp 1–15

  • Conte R, Falcone R, Sartor G (1999b) Agents and norms: How to fill the gap? Artif Intell Law 7(1):1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dellarocas C, Klein M (2001) Contractual agent societies: Negotiated shared context and social control in open multi-agent systems. In: Dellarocas C, Conte R (eds) Social Order in Multi-Agent Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp 113–133

  • Dignum F (1999). Autonomous agents with norms. Artif Intell Law 7(1):69–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dignum F, Morley D, Sonenberg E, Cavendon L (2000) Towards socially sophisticated BDI agents. In: Durfee EH (ed) Proceedings on the 4th International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems (ICMAS-00), IEEE Computer Society, pp 111–118

  • Dignum V (2004) A Model for Organizational Interaction. Phd University of Utrecht, The Netherlands

  • Dignum V, Dignum F (2001) Modelling agent societies: Coordination frameworks and institutions. In: Brazdil P, Jorge A (eds) Progress in Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Extraction, Multi-Agent Systems, Logic Programming, and Constraint Solving, LNAI 2258 Springer-Verlag, pp 191–204

  • d’Inverno M, Luck M (2003) Understanding Agent Systems. 2nd edn Springer-Verlag

  • Esteva M, Padget J, Sierra C (2001) Formalizing a language for institutions and norms. In: Meyer J, Tambe M (eds) Intelligent agents VIII (ATAL’01), LNAI 2333, Springer-Verlag, pp 348–366

  • Hashimoto T, Egashira S (2001) Formation of social norms in communicating agents with cognitive frameworks, Syst Sci Complexity 14(1):54–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones A, Sergot M (1996) A formal characterisation of institutionalised power. Log J IGPL 4(3):429–445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • López y López F (2003) Social Powers and Norms: Impact on Agent Behaviour PhD, University of Southampton, England

  • López y López F, Luck M (2003) Modelling norms for autonomous agents In: Chávez E, Favela J, Mejía M, Oliart A (eds) Proceedings of the Fourth Mexican International Conference on Computer Science (ENC’03), IEEE Computer Society, pp 238–245

  • López y López F, Luck M (2004) A model of normative multi-agent systems and dynamic relationships. In: Lindemann G, Moldt D, Paolucci M (eds) Regulated Agent-Based Social Systems, LNAI 2934 Springer-Verlag, pp 259–280

  • López y López F, Luck M, d’Inverno M (2002) Constraining autonomy through norms. In: Castelfranchi C, Johnson W (eds) Proceedings of The 1st International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi Agent Systems, AAMAS’02, ACM Press, pp 674–681

  • López y López F, Luck M, d’Inverno M (2004) Normative agent reasoning in dynamic societies. In: Jennings N, Sierra C, Sonenberg L, Tambe L (eds) Proceedings of The 3rd International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi Agent Systems, AAMAS’04, ACM Press, pp 730–737

  • Luck M, McBurney P, Preist C (2003) Agent Technology: Enabling Next Generation Computing (A Roadmap for Agent Based Computing). AgentLink

  • Norman T, Sierra C, Jennings N (1998). Rights and commitments in multi-agent agreements. In: Demazeau Y (eds) Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems (ICMAS-98), IEEE Computer Society Press, pp 222–229

  • Ross A (1968). Directives and norms Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd.

  • Sergot M (1999) Normative positions. In: McNamara P, Prakken H (eds) Norms, Logics and Information Systems, IOS Press, pp 289–308

  • Shoham Y, Tennenholtz M (1995) On social laws for artificial agent societies: Off-line design. Artif Intell 73(1–2):231–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M. (1999). An ontology for commitments in multiagent systems: Toward a unification of normative concepts. Artif Intell Law 7(1):97–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spivey JM (1992) The Z notation: A Reference Manual prentice-Hall

  • Tuomela R (1995). The Importance of Us: A Philosophical Study of Basic Social Norms. Stanford University Press

  • Tuomela R, Bonnevier-Toumela M (1995) Norms and agreements. Eur J Law, Phil Comput Sci 5:41–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Ullmann-Margalit E (1977) The Emergence of Norms. Oxford University Press

  • van der Torre L, Tan Y (1999a) Contrary-to-duty reasoning with preference-based dyadic obligations. Ann Math Artif Intell 27(1–4):49–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Torre L, Tan Y (1999b) Rights, duties and commitments between agents. In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp 1239–1246

  • van der Torre L, Tan Y (2000) Dynamic normative reasoning under uncertainty. In: Smets P, Gabbay D, (eds), Agents, Reasoning and Dynamics, Kluwer

  • Walker A, Wooldridge M (1995) Understanding the emergence of conventions in multi-agent systems. In: Lesser V, Gasser L (eds) Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems (ICMAS’95), AAAI Press/MIT Press, pp 384–389

  • Wieringa R, Dignum F, Meyer J, Kuiper R (1996) A modal approach to intentions, commitments and obligations: Intention plus commitment yields obligation. In: Brown M, Carmo J (eds) Deontic Logic, Agency and Normative Systems, Springer-Verlag, pp 80–97

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fabiola López y López.

Additional information

F. López y López is researcher of the Computer Science Faculty at the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla in México, from where she got her first degree. She also gained a MSc in Computation from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and a PhD in Computer Science from the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom. She is leading several theoretical and practical projects that use multi-agent systems as the main paradigm. Her research has been focused on Autonomous Normative Agents and Normative Multi-Agent Systems and she has published over 20 articles in these and related topics.

M. Luck is Professor of Computer Science in the Intelligence, Agents, Multimedia Group of the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton, where he carries out research into the theory and practice of agent technology. He has published over 150 articles in these and related areas, both alone and in collaboration with others, and has published eight books. He is a member of the Executive Committee of AgentLink III, the European Network of Excellence for Agent-Based Computing. He is a co-founder of the European Multi-Agent Systems workshop series, is co-founder and Chair of the steering committee of the UK Multi-Agent Systems Workshops (UKMAS), and was a member of the Management Board of Agentcities.NET. Professor Luck is also a steering committee member for the Central and Eastern European Conference on Multi-Agent Systems. He is series editor for Artech House’s Agent Oriented Systems series, and an editorial board member of the Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, the International Journal of Agent-Oriented Software Engineering, and ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems.

M. d’Inverno gained a BA in Mathematics and an MSc in Computation both from Oxford University. He also was awarded a PhD from University College London. He joined the University of Westminster in 1992 as a Lecturer, became a senior lecturer in 1998, a reader in 1999 and was appointed professor of computer science in 2001. He is interested in formal, principled approaches to modelling both natural and artificial systems in a computational setting. The main strand to this research, focuses on the application of formal methods in providing models of intelligent agent and multi-agent systems. His approach has sought to take a structured approach to the development of practical agent systems from theoretical models. He has published over 70 articles in these areas and has published four books and edited collections.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

López, F.L., Luck, M. & d’Inverno, M. A normative framework for agent-based systems. Comput Math Organiz Theor 12, 227–250 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-006-9545-7

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-006-9545-7

Keywords

Navigation