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Heterochromatin and the cohesion of sister chromatids

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Abstract

Heterochromatin, once thought to be the useless junk of chromosomes, is now known to play significant roles in biology. Underlying much of this newfound fame are links between the repressive chromatin structure and cohesin, the protein complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion. Heterochromatin-mediated recruitment and retention of cohesin to domains flanking centromeres promotes proper attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic and meiotic spindles. Heterochromatin assembled periodically between convergently transcribed genes also recruits cohesin, which promotes a novel form of transcription termination. Heterochromatin-like structures in budding yeast also recruit cohesin. Here the complex appears to regulate transcriptional silencing and recombination between repeated DNA sequences. The link between heterochromatin and cohesin is particularly relevant to human health. In Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome, heterochromatic cohesion is selectively lost due to mutation of the acetyltransferase responsible for cohesin activation. In this review I discuss recent work that relates to these relationships between heterochromatin and cohesin.

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Abbreviations

CAR:

cohesin-associated region

CTCF:

CCCTC-binding protein

H3K9:

lysine 9 of histone H3

HP1:

heterochromatin protein of higher eukaryotes

RBS-SC:

Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome

Sir:

silent information regulator

Swi6:

a homologue of HP1

tDNA :

tRNA gene

rDNA :

ribosomal RNA gene

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Acknowledgements

I thank current and past members of my research team for thoughtful discussions and experimentation. This work was funded by grants from the NIH (GM51402) and the March of Dimes (1-FY08–481).

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA

    Marc Gartenberg

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Correspondence to Marc Gartenberg.

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Responsible Editor: Christian Haering

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Gartenberg, M. Heterochromatin and the cohesion of sister chromatids. Chromosome Res 17, 229–238 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-008-9012-z

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