Abstract
Substance abuse is one of the significant problems in social and public health worldwide. Vast numbers of evidence illustrate that motivational and reinforcing impacts of addictive drugs are primarily attributed to their ability to change dopamine signaling in the reward circuit. However, the roles of classic neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and neuromodulators, monoamines, and neuropeptides, in reinforcing characteristics of abused drugs have been extensively investigated. It has recently been revealed that central immune signaling includes cascades of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines released by neurons and glia via downstream intracellular signaling pathways that play a crucial role in mediating rewarding behavioral effects of drugs. More interestingly, inflammatory responses in the central nervous system modulate the mesolimbic dopamine signaling and glutamate-dependent currents induced by addictive drugs. This review summarized researches in the alterations of inflammatory responses accompanied by rewarding and reinforcing properties of addictive drugs, including cocaine, methamphetamine, and opioids that were evaluated by conditioned place preference and self-administration procedures as highly common behavioral tests to investigate the motivational and reinforcing impacts of addictive drugs.
Graphical Abstract
The neuroinflammatory responses affect the rewarding properties of psychostimulants and opioids.
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Abbreviations
- BBB:
-
Blood–brain barrier
- BLA:
-
Basolateral amygdala
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- CPP:
-
Conditioned place preference
- CCR:
-
CC chemokines
- CCL2/MCP-1:
-
Chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- CXCR:
-
CXC chemokines
- CX3CR1:
-
CX3C-receptor 1
- GABA:
-
γ-Aminobutyric acid
- GDNF:
-
Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor
- IL:
-
Interleukin
- KO:
-
Knockout
- MyD88:
-
Myeloid differentiation factor 88
- NSAID:
-
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- NF-κB:
-
Nuclear factor-κβ
- NAc:
-
Nucleus accumbens
- PRRs:
-
Pattern recognition receptors
- PDE:
-
Phosphodiesterase
- PFC:
-
Prefrontal cortex
- SA:
-
Self-administration
- STAT3:
-
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TLRs:
-
Toll-like receptors
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- VTA:
-
Ventral tegmental area
- WT:
-
Wild-type
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Karimi-Haghighi, S., Chavoshinezhad, S., Mozafari, R. et al. Neuroinflammatory Response in Reward-Associated Psychostimulants and Opioids: A Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 43, 649–682 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-022-01223-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-022-01223-6