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NPY and Stress 30 Years Later: The Peripheral View

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Abstract

Almost 30 years ago, neuropeptide Y (NPY) was discovered as a sympathetic co-transmitter and one of the most evolutionarily conserved peptides abundantly present all over the body. Soon afterward, NPY’s multiple receptors were characterized and cloned, and the peptide’s role in stress was first documented. NPY has proven to be pivotal for maintaining many stress responses. Most notably, NPY is known for activating long-lasting vasoconstriction in many vascular beds, including coronary arteries. More recently, NPY was found to play a role in stress-induced accretion of adipose tissue which many times can lead to detrimental metabolic changes. It is however due to its prominent actions in the brain, one of which is its powerful ability to stimulate appetite as well as its anxiolytic activities that NPY became a peptide of importance in neuroscience. In contrast, its actions in the rest of the body, including its role as a stress mediator, remained, surprisingly underappreciated and not well understood. Our research has focused on that other, “peripheral” side of NPY. In this review, we will discuss those actions of NPY on the cardiovascular system and metabolism, as they relate to adaptation to stress, and attempt to both distinguish NPY’s effects from and integrate them with the effects of the classical stress mediators, glucocorticoids, and catecholamines. To limit the bias of someone (ZZ) who has viewed the world of stress through the eyes of NPY for over 20 years, fresh insight (DH) has been solicited to more objectively assess NPY’s contributions to stress-related diseases and the body’s ability to adapt to stress.

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Abbreviations

NPY:

Neuropeptide Y

NE:

Norepinephrine

Epi:

Epinephrine

PYY:

Peptide YY

PP:

Pancreatic polypeptide

AVP:

Vasopressin

SAS:

Sympatho-adrenomedullary system

HPA:

Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal

ACTH:

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

CRH:

Corticotrophin-releasing hormone

APP:

Aminopeptidase P

DPPIV:

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV

HSD11B:

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

VSMC:

Vascular smooth muscle cell

MVR:

Mesenteric vascular resistance

PTSD:

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Y1RKO:

Y1 receptor knockout

APC:

Antigen presenting cell

NGF:

Nerve Growth Factor

HFS:

High Fat Sugar Diet

GC:

Glucocorticoids

ADR:

Adrenergic Receptor

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by grants from NHLBI to ZZ: R37HL055310 and HL067357.

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  1. Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Stress Physiology Center, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Dalay Hirsch & Zofia Zukowska

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  1. Dalay Hirsch
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Correspondence to Dalay Hirsch.

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Hirsch, D., Zukowska, Z. NPY and Stress 30 Years Later: The Peripheral View. Cell Mol Neurobiol 32, 645–659 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-011-9793-z

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