Abstract
Fabricating flexible, stable and highly reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrates is very important in furthering the development of practical SERS sensors. Nevertheless, the fabrication of such SERS substrates is rather challenging in processing conditions for both noble metal and semiconductor substrates. In this study, highly sensitive SERS detection is achieved by fabricating novel textile-based SERS substrates with a structure of graphite/titanium/cotton which are prepared by sputtering cotton fabric with titanium and graphite for different lengths of time at room temperature. The resultant samples show excellent SERS with an enhancement factor of 1.6 × 104, limit of detection of 4 × 10−7 as well as outstanding flexibility. The optimal SERS active substrate in this study also shows promising application for conformal rapid detection in the field of food safety testing.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbas A, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Wang X, Lin T (2013) Improving thermal conductivity of cotton fabrics using composite coatings containing graphene, multiwall carbon nanotube or boron nitride fine particles. Fibers Polym 14:1641–1649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-013-1641-y
Allen CS, Van Duyne RP (1981) Molecular generality of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). A detailed investigation of the hexacyanoruthenate ion adsorbed on silver and copper electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 103:7497–7501. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00415a017
Dieringer JA, Lettan RB, Scheidt KA, Van Duyne RP (2007) A frequency domain existence proof of single-molecule surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 129:16249–16256. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja077243c
El Qada EN, Allen SJ, Walker GM (2006) Adsorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon produced from steam activated bituminous coal: a study of equilibrium adsorption isotherm. Chem Eng J 124:103–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2006.08.015
Fleischmann M, Hendra PJ, McQuillan A (1974) Raman spectra of pyridine adsorbed at a silver electrode. J Chem Phys Lett 26:163–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(74)85388-1
He D, Hu B, Yao QF, Wang K, Yu SH (2009) Large-scale synthesis of flexible free-standing SERS substrates with high sensitivity: electrospun PVA nanofibers embedded with controlled alignment of silver nanoparticles. ACS Nano 3:3993–4002. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn900812f
Hu Y, Shi Y, Jiang H, Huang G, Li C (2013) Scalable preparation of ultrathin silica-coated Ag nanoparticles for SERS application. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:10643–10649. https://doi.org/10.1021/am402604h
Huh S, Park J, Kim YS, Kim KS, Hong BH, Nam JM (2011) UV/ozone-oxidized large-scale graphene platform with large chemical enhancement in surface-enhanced Raman scattering. ACS Nano 5:9799–9806. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn204156n
Katrin K, Yang W, Harald K, Lev TP, Irving I, Ramachandra RD, Michael SF (1997) Single molecule detection using surface-enhanced raman scattering. Phys Rev Lett 78:1667. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1667
Kneipp K, Wang Y, Kneipp H, Itzkan II, Dasari RR, Feld MS (1996) Population pumping of excited vibrational states by spontaneous surface-enhanced raman scattering. Phys Rev Lett 76:2444–2447. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.2444
Lal S, Grady NK, Goodrich GP, Halas NJ (2006) Profiling the near field of a plasmonic nanoparticle with Raman-based molecular rulers. Nano Lett 6:2338–2343. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl061892p
Le Ru E, Blackie E, Meyer M, Etchegoin PG (2007) Surface enhanced Raman scattering enhancement factors: a comprehensive study. J Phys Chem C 111:13794–13803. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0687908
Li X, Hu H, Li D, Shen Z, Xiong Q, Li S, Fan H (2012) Ordered array of gold semishells on TiO2 spheres: an ultrasensitive and recyclable SERS substrate. J ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:2180–2185. https://doi.org/10.1021/am300189n
Ling X, Zhang J (2010) First-layer effect in graphene-enhanced Raman scattering. Small 6:2020–2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201000918
Ling X, Xie LM, Fang Y, Xu H, Zhang HL, Kong J, Dresselhaus MS, Zhang J, Liu ZF (2010) Can graphene be used as a substrate for Raman enhancement. Nano Lett 10:553–561
Ling X, Moura LG, Pimenta MA, Zhang J (2012) Charge-transfer mechanism in graphene-enhanced Raman scattering. J Phys Chem C 116:25112–25118. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp3088447
Ling X, Wu JX, Xie LM, Zhang J (2013) Graphene-thickness dependent graphene enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Phys Chem C 117:2369–2376. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp310564d
Maznichenko D, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan B (2012a) Stimulating multiple SERS mechanisms by a nanofibrous three-dimensional network structure of titanium dioxide (TiO2). J Phys Chem C 117:578–583. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp310193a
Maznichenko D, Selvaganapathy P, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan B (2012b) TiO2 nanofibrous interface development for Raman detection of environmental pollutants. Appl Phys Lett 101:231602. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4769112
McFarland AD, Young MA, Dieringer JA, Van Duyne RP (2005) Wavelength-scanned surface-enhanced Raman excitation spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 109:11279–11285. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp050508u
Ni J, Lipert RJ, Dawson GB, Porter MD (1999) Immunoassay readout method using extrinsic Raman labels adsorbed on immunogold colloids. Anal Chem 71:4903–4908. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac990616a
Qi D, Lu L, Wang L, Zhang J (2014) Improved SERS sensitivity on plasmon-free TiO2 photonic microarray by enhancing light-matter coupling. J Am Chem Soc 136:9886–9889. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja5052632
Qian X, Li J, Nie S (2009) Stimuli-responsive SERS nanoparticles: conformational control of plasmonic coupling and surface Raman enhancement. J Am Chem Soc 131:7540–7541. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja902226z
Rodriguez-Lorenzo L, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Pastoriza-Santos I, Mazzucco S, Stephan O, Kociak M, Liz-Marzan LM, Abajo FJG (2009) Zeptomol detection through controlled ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering. J Am Chem Soc 131:4616–4618. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja809418t
Rycenga M, Cobley CM, Zeng J, Li WY, Moran CH, Zhang Q, Qin D, Xia YN (2011) Controlling the synthesis and assembly of silver nanostructures for plasmonic applications. Chem Rev 111:3669–3712. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr100275d
Sharma B, Ma K, Glucksberg MR, Van Duyne RP (2013) Seeing through bone with surface-enhanced spatially offset Raman spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 135:17290–17293. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja409378f
Su S, Zhang C, Yuwen LH, Chao J, Zuo XL, Liu XF, Song CY, Fan CH, Wang LH (2014) Creating SERS hot spots on MoS2 nanosheets with in situ grown gold nanoparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:18735–18741. https://doi.org/10.1021/am5043092
Tarakeshwar P, Finkelstein-Shapiro D, Hurst SJ, Rajh T, Mujica V (2011) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering on semiconducting oxide nanoparticles: oxide nature, size, solvent, and pH effects. J Phys Chem C 115:8994–9004. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp202590e
Teguh JS, Liu F, Xing B, Yeow EK (2012) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of nitrothiophenol isomers chemisorbed on TiO2. Chem Asian J 7:975–981. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201100934
Wang Z, Zong S, Li W, Wang C, Xu S, Chen H, Cui Y (2012a) SERS-fluorescence joint spectral encoding using organic-metal-QD hybrid nanoparticles with a huge encoding capacity for high-throughput biodetection: putting theory into practice. J Am Chem Soc 134:2993–3000. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja208154m
Wang X, Shi W, She G, Mu L (2012b) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on transition metal and semiconductor nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 14:5891–5901. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CP40080D
Willets KA, Van Duyne RP (2007) Localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and sensing. Annu Rev Phys Chem 58:267–297. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104607
Wu K, Li T, Schmidt MS, Rindzevicius T, Boisen A, Ndoni S (2018) Gold nanoparticles sliding on recyclable nano hoodoos-engineered for surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy. Adv Funct Mater 28:1704818. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201704818
Xu WG, Mao NN, Zhang J (2013) Graphene: a platform for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Small 9:1206–1224. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201203097
Xue X, Ji W, Mao Z, Mao H, Wang Y, Wang X, Ruan W, Zhao B, Lombardi JR (2012) Raman investigation of nanosized TiO2: effect of crystallite size and quantum confinement. J Phys Chem C 116:8792–8797. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp2122196
Yu XX, Cai HB, Zhang WH, Li XJ, Pan N, Luo Y, Wang XP, Hou JG (2011) Tuning chemical enhancement of SERS by controlling the chemical reduction of graphene oxide nanosheets. ACS Nano 5:952–958. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn102291j
Zhao J, Jensen L, Sung J, Zou S, Schatz GC, Van Duyne RP (2007) Interaction of plasmon and molecular resonances for Rhodamine 6G adsorbed on silver nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 129:7647–7656. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0707106
Zhao J, Pinchuk AO, Mcmahon JM, Li SZ, Ausman LK, Atkinson AL, Schatz GC (2008) Methods for describing the electromagnetic properties of silver and gold nanoparticles. Acc Chem Res 41:1710–1720. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar800028j
Zhu Y, Kuang H, Xu L, Ma W, Peng C, Hua Y, Wang L, Xu C (2012) Gold nanorod assembly-based approach to toxin detection by SERS. J Mater Chem 22:2387–2391. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2JM15238J
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, J., Li, X., Wang, Y. et al. Flexible, stable and sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering of graphite/titanium-cotton substrate for conformal rapid food safety detection. Cellulose 27, 941–954 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02836-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02836-9