Abstract
Deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment coupled with alkaline degumming on Apocynum venetum bast was studied for developing an eco-friendly and effective degumming method. A 1:2 mixture of choline chloride and urea was used in a microwave-assisted DES pretreatment optimized to 60 min and 110 °C. The impact of the deep eutectic solvent pretreatment on the properties of produced semi-degummed and refined dry fibers were assessed by examining the fiber chemical composition, surface microstructure, cellulose crystallinity, degree of polymerization, and fiber thermal properties. The combined DES and alkaline degumming treatment effectively removed the gummy matter including hemicellulose and lignin from the A. venetum bast, providing a smooth and clean fiber surface. This combined DES and alkaline degumming treatment also shows the ability to extract amorphous cellulose, leading to an increase of fiber crystallinity and a decrease of the average cellulose molecular weight. The thermal stability of the fibers was improved significantly after the degumming treatment. The refined dry fibers produced by this combined DES-alkaline treatment exhibited comparable chemical and physical properties (e.g. residual gum content, fiber length, fiber fineness, breaking tenacity) compared with traditionally alkali degumming method. These results revealed that DES is a practical and feasible pretreatment protocol for A. venetum bast degumming.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbott AP, Boothby D, Capper G, Davies DL, Rasheed RK (2004) Deep eutectic solvents formed between choline chloride and carboxylic acids: versatile alternatives to ionic liquids. J Am Chem Soc 126:9142–9147
Chen Y-L et al (2018) Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for cellulose dissolution: a mini-review. Cellulose 26(1):205–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-2130-7
Chen L et al (2019) A novel deep eutectic solvent from lignin-derived acids for improving the enzymatic digestibility of herbal residues from cellulose. Cellulose 26(3):1947–1959. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-2190-8
Dong Z et al (2014) Textile grade long natural cellulose fibers from bark of cotton stalks using steam explosion as a pretreatment. Cellulose 21(5):3851–3860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0401-5
Fan X-S et al (2010) A novel chemical degumming process for ramie bast fiber. Text Res J 80(19):2046–2051. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517510373632
French AD (2013) Idealized powder diffraction patterns for cellulose polymorphs. Cellulose 21(2):885–896. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-013-0030-4
Hu S et al (2008) Conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using ionic liquids prepared from renewable materials. Green Chem 10(12):1280. https://doi.org/10.1039/b810392e
Hutterer C et al (2017) Enzymatic pulp upgrade for producing high-value cellulose out of a Kraft paper pulp. Enzyme Microb Technol 102:67–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.03.014
Kallel F et al (2016) Isolation and structural characterization of cellulose nanocrystals extracted from garlic straw residues. Ind Crops Prod 87:287–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.060
Kyung Hun S, Obendorf SK (2016) Chemical and biological retting of Kenaf fibers. Text Res J 76(10):751–756. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517506070520
Li M et al (2012) Chemical compounds and antimicrobial activity of volatile oils from bast and fibers of Apocynum venetum. Fibers Polym 13(3):322–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-012-0322-6
Liew SQ et al (2018) Acid and deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction of pectin from pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) peels. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 13:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2017.11.001
Lim W-L et al (2019) Alkaline deep eutectic solvent: a novel green solvent for lignocellulose pulping. Cellulose. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02346-8
Liu J et al (2018) The dimensional distribution of Kenaf and apocynum fibers. J Nat Fibers. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2018.1532857
Loow Y-L et al (2017) Potential use of deep eutectic solvents to facilitate lignocellulosic biomass utilization and conversion. Cellulose 24(9):3591–3618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1358-y
Lynam JG et al (2017) Deep eutectic solvents’ ability to solubilize lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose; thermal stability; and density. Bioresour Technol 238:684–689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.079
Parviainen A et al (2015) Sustainability of cellulose dissolution and regeneration in 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate: a batch simulation of the IONCELL-F process. RSC Adv 5(85):69728–69737. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra12386k
Rabemanolontsoa H, Saka S (2016) Various pretreatments of lignocellulosics. Bioresour Technol 199:83–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.029
Ramesh M (2016) Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) fibre based bio-materials: A review on processing and properties. Prog Mater Sci 78–79:1–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.11.001
Satlewal A et al (2018) Natural deep eutectic solvents for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment: recent developments, challenges and novel opportunities. Biotechnol Adv 36(8):2032–2050
Shahbaz K et al (2011) Prediction of deep eutectic solvents densities at different temperatures. Thermochim Acta 515(1–2):67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2010.12.022
Sharma S et al (2011) Pseudozyma sp. SPJ: an economic and eco-friendly approach for degumming of flax fibers. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 27(11):2697–2701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-011-0743-1
Sirviö JA et al (2019) Direct sulfation of cellulose fibers using a reactive deep eutectic solvent to produce highly charged cellulose nanofibers. Cellulose 26(4):2303–2316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02257-8
Song Y et al (2017) Comparison of the performance of Kenaf fiber using different reagents presoak combined with steam explosion treatment. J Text Inst. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2017.1285200
Song Y et al (2018) Isolation and characterization of cellulosic fibers from kenaf bast using steam explosion and Fenton oxidation treatment. Cellulose 25(9):4979–4992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1916-y
Vigier KDO et al (2015) Contribution of deep eutectic solvents for biomass processing: opportunities, challenges, and limitations. ChemCatChem 7(8):1250–1260. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201500134
Wang L et al (2007) Comparative study of composition, structure and properties of Apocynum venetum fibers under different pretreatments. Carbohydr Polym 69(2):391–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.12.028
Yang F et al (2015) A novel ionic liquid degumming process for Apocynum venetum. J Text Inst 107(11):1450–1455. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2015.1127550
Yu W et al (2019) Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent systems as a pretreatment for nanofibrillation of ramie fibers. Cellulose. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02290-7
Zhang X, Han G, Jiang W, Zhang Y, Li X, Li M (2016) Effect of steam pressure on chemical and structural properties of Kenaf fibers during steam explosion process. BioResources 11(3):6590–6599
Zhou L et al (2012) Effect of high-temperature degumming on the constituents and structure of cotton stalk bark fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 125(S2):E573–E579. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.36392
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (2017YFB0309702), the Natural Science Foundation of the Shandong of China (ZR2019QEM007), the National Science Foundation of China (51706044), the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu of China (BK20170666), and the Recruitment Program for Young Professionals in China.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Song, Y., Kai, N., Jiang, W. et al. Utilization of deep eutectic solvent as a degumming protocol for Apocynum venetum bast. Cellulose 26, 8047–8057 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02654-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02654-z