Abstract
Graphite nanoplatelets (GnP) were prepared by ultrasonication of thermally expanded graphite intercalated compound. In-situ oxidative polymerization was done to prepare GnP (1 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt%) filled polyaniline–gum arabic (GnP/PANI–GA) nanocomposites. These nanocomposites were further coated on the surface of the cotton fabric through the pad-dry-cure process. The characterization of the prepared nanocomposites and their coating was done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Also, the mechanical, ultraviolet shielding and flame retarding properties of these coated fabrics were analysed as per ASTM D 5035, AATCC TM 183 and FMV SS 302 standards. 3 wt% GnP/PANI–GA nanocomposite coated fabric showed enriched tensile strength of (145 N) in weft direction, ultraviolet protection factor of 58, burn time of 173 s and limiting oxygen index of 26.10% as compared to 116 N, 5, 88 s and 18.3% respectively for the pure cotton fabric. Overall, the 3 wt% GnP/PANI–GA nanocomposite was evaluated as the optimum concentration because of the uniform dispersion of GnP in PANI/GA nanocomposite.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alam SN, Kumar L, Sharma N (2015) Development of Cu-exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) metal matrix composite by powder metallurgy route. Graphene 4:91–111. https://doi.org/10.4236/graphene.2015.44010
Alomayri T, Shaikh FUA, Low IM (2013) Thermal and mechanical properties of cotton fabric-reinforced geopolymer composites. J Mater Sci 48:6746–6752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7479-2
Alomayri T, Shaikh FUA, Low IM (2014) Synthesis and mechanical properties of cotton fabric reinforced geopolymer composites. Compos Part B 60:36–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.12.036
Aravind SSJ, Baby TT, Arockiadoss T, Rakhi RB, Ramaprabhu S (2011) A cholesterol biosensor based on gold nanoparticles decorated functionalized graphene nanoplatelets. Thin Solid Films 519:5667–5672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2011.03.032
Bagotia N, Mohite H, Tanaliya N, Sharma DK (2018) A comparative study of electrical, EMI shielding and thermal properties of graphene and multiwalled carbon nanotube filled polystyrene nanocomposites. Carbon Nanotube Compos 39:E1041–E1051. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.24465
Bharadiya PS, Jain R, Chaudhari V, Mishra S (2019) Graphene oxide wrapped polyaniline nanorods for supercapacitor application. Polym Compos. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25129
Bourzac K (2011) Cotton transistors weave comfort into electronics. New Sci 212(2837):22–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(11)62712-7
Carotenuto G, De Nicola S, Palomba M, Pullini D, Horsewell A, Hansen TW et al (2012) Mechanical properties of low density polyethylene filled by graphite nanoplatelets. Nanotechnology 23(48):48705. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/48/485705
Chang C-H, Huang T-C, Peng C-W, Yeh T-C, Lu H-I, Hung W-I, Weng C-J, Yang T-I, Yeh J-M (2012) Novel anticorrosion coatings prepared from polyaniline/graphene composites. Carbon 50:5044–5051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.06.043
Chen X, Fang F, Zhang X, Ding X, Wang Y, Chena L, Tian X (2016) Flame-retardant, electrically conductive and antimicrobial multifunctional coating on cotton fabric via layer-by-layer assembly technique. RSC Adv 6:27669–27676. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra26914h
da Silva JEP, Temperini MLA, de Torresi SIC (2005) Characterization of conducting polyaniline blends by resonance raman spectroscopy. J Braz Chem Soc 16(3A):322–327
Daoub RMA, Elmubarak AH, Misran M, Hassan EA, Osman ME (2018) Characterization and functional properties of some natural Acacia gums. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci 17:241–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2016.05.002
Gao S, Huang J, Li S, Liu H, Li F, Li Y, Chen G, Lai Y (2017) Facile construction of robust fluorine-free superhydrophobic TiO2@fabrics with excellent anti-fouling, water–oil separation and UV-protective properties. Mater Des 128:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.04.091
Hansora DP, Shimpi NG, Mishra S (2015) Graphite to graphene via graphene oxide: an overview on synthesis, properties and applications. J Mater 67(12):2855–2868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1522-5
Hao Y, Tian M, Zhao H, Qu L, Zhu S, Zhang X, Chen S, Wang K, Ran J (2018) High efficiency electrothermal graphene/tourmaline composite fabric joule heater with durable abrasion resistance via a spray coating route. Ind Eng Chem Res 57(40):13437–13448. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03628
Hu X, Tian M, Qu L, Zhu S, Han G (2015) Multifunctional cotton fabrics with graphene/polyurethane coatings with far-infrared emission, electrical conductivity and ultraviolet blocking properties. Carbon 95:625–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.08.099
Jain R, Mehrotra R, Mishra S (2019) Synthesis of B doped graphene/polyaniline hybrids for high-performance supercapacitor application. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 30(3):2316–2326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-0504-0
Jeon I-Y, Shin S-H, Choi H-J, Yu S-Y, Jung S-M, Baek J-B (2017) Heavily aluminated graphene nanoplatelets as an efficient flame retardant. Carbon 116:77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.01.071
Kim H, Abdala AA, Macosko CW (2010) Graphene/polymer nanocomposites. Macromolecules 43:6515–6530. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma100572e
Kuan Y-H, Bhat R, Senan C, Williams PA, Karim AA (2009) Effects of ultraviolet irradiation on the physicochemical and functional properties of gum arabic. J Agric Food Chem 57:9154–9159. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9015625
Li J, Kim J-K, Sham ML (2005) Conductive graphite nanoplatelet/epoxy nanocomposites:effects of exfoliation and UV/ozone treatment of graphite. Scr Mater 53:235–240
Li Z, Tian M, Sun X, Zhao H, Zhu S, Zhang X (2019) Flexible all-solid planar fibrous cellulose nonwoven fabric-based supercapacitor via capillarity-assisted graphene/MnO2 assembly. Alloys Compd 782:986–994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.12.254
Liu W, Do I, Fukushima H, Drzal LT (2010) Influence of processing on morphology, electrical conductivity and flexural properties of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets-polyamide nanocomposites. Carbon Lett 11(4):279–284
Liu L, Huang Z, Pan Y, Wang X, Song L, Hu Y (2018) Finishing of cotton fabrics by multi-layered coatings to improve their flame retardancy and water repellency. Cellulose 25:4791–4803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1866-4
Lu Y, Tian M, Sun X, Pan N, Chen F, Zhu S, Zhang X, Chen S (2019) Highly sensitive wearable 3D piezoresistive pressure sensors based on graphene coated isotropic non-woven substrate. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 117:202–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.11.023
Mahajan C, Chaudhari P, Mishra S (2018) RGO-MWCNT ZnO based polypyrrole nanocomposites for ammonia gas sensing. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 29:8039–8048. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-8810-0
Mao H, Wu X, Qian X, An X (2014) Conductivity and flame retardancy of polyaniline-deposited functional cellulosic paper doped with organic sulfonic acids. Cellulose 21:697–704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-013-0122-1
Mishra S, Hansora D (2017) Graphene nanomaterials: fabrication, properties and applications, 1st edn. Pan Stanford, New York, pp 1–100
Montenegro MA, Boiero ML, Valle L, Borsarelli CD (2012) Gum arabic: more than an edible emulsifier. In: Verbeek J (ed) Products and applications of biopolymers. ISBN: 978-953-51-0226-7. http://www.intechopen.com/books/products-and-applications-ofbiopolymers/gum-arabic-more-than-an-edible-emulsifier. Accessed 24 Nov 2018
Nieto A, Lahiri D, Agarwal A (2012) Synthesis and properties of bulk graphene nanoplatelets consolidated by spark plasma sintering. Carbon 50(11):4068–4077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.04.054
Nooralian Z, Gashti MP, Ebrahimi I (2016) Fabrication of a multifunctional graphene/polyvinylphosphonic acid/cotton nanocomposite via facile spray layer-by-layer assembly. RSC Adv 6:23288–23299. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra00296j
Ozdemir O, Karakuzu R, Sarikanat M, Seki Y, Akar E, Cetin L, Yilmaz OC, Sever K, Sen I, Gurses BO (2015) Improvement of the electromechanical performance of carboxymethylcellulose-based actuators by graphene nanoplatelet loading. Cellulose 22:3251–3260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-0702-3
Pandiyarasan V, Archana J, Pavithra A, Ashwin V, Navaneethan M, Hayakawa Y, Ikeda H (2017) Hydrothermal growth of reduced graphene oxide on cotton fabric for enhanced ultraviolet protection applications. Mater Lett 188:123–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.11.047
Qu L, Tian M, Hu X, Wang Y, Zhu S, Guo X, Han G, Zhang X, Sun K, Tang X (2014) Functionalization of cotton fabric at low graphene nanoplate content for ultrastrong ultraviolet blocking. Carbon 80:565–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.08.097
Quintanilha RC, Orth ES, Iankovski AG, Riegel-Vidotti IC, Vidotti M (2014) The use of gum Arabic as Green stabilizer of poly(aniline) nanocomposites: a comprehensive study of spectroscopic, morphological and electrochemical properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 434:18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2014.08.006
Sahito IA, Sun KC, Arbab AA, Qadir MB, Jeong SH (2015) Graphene coated cotton fabric as textile structured counter electrode for DSSC. Electrochim Acta 173:164–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.035
Sapurina I, Stejskal J (2008) The mechanism of the oxidative polymerization of aniline and the formation of supramolecular polyaniline structures. Polym Int 57:1295–1325
Saville BP (2002) Objective evaluation of fabric handle. In: Woodhead publishing limited (ed.) Physical testing of textiles. CRC, England, pp 258–259
Sen T, Shimpi NG, Mishra S (2016) Room temperature CO sensing by polyaniline/Co3O4 nanocomposite. J Appl Polym Sci 133:44115. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.44115
Sen T, Shimpi NG, Mishra S (2017) A β-cyclodextrin based binary dopant for polyaniline: Structural, thermal, electrical, and sensing performance. Mater Sci Eng B 220:13–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2017.03.003
Sen T, Mishra S, Sonawane SS, Shimpi NG (2018) Polyaniline/zinc oxide nanocomposite as room-temperature sensing layer for methane. Polym Eng Sci 58(8):1438–1445. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.24740
Šesta E, Dražiča G, Genorioc B, Jermana I (2018) Graphene nanoplatelets as an anticorrosion additive for solar absorber coatings. Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 176:19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.11.016
Singh HP, Kaur R, Sekhon SS (2003) Naturally occurring biopolymer as ion conducting material: water uptake, swelling and conductivity studies. Ind Jour of Eng and Mater Sci 10:314–317. http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/24215
Tang X, Tian M, Qua L, Zhu S, Guo X, Han G, Sun K, Hua X, Wang Y, Xu X (2015) Functionalization of cotton fabric with graphene oxide nanosheet and polyaniline for conductive and UV blocking properties. Synth Met 202:82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2015.01.017
Tiwari A (2007) Gum arabic-graft-polyaniline: an electrically active redox biomaterial for sensor applications. J Macromol Sci Part A Pure Appl Chem 44(7):735–745. https://doi.org/10.1080/10601320701353116
Trchová M, Stejskal J (2011) Polyaniline: the infrared spectroscopy of conducting polymer nanotubes (IUPAC technical report). Pure Appl Chem 83:1803–1817. https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-10-02-01
Trchova M, Sÿedenkova I, Konyushenko EN, Stejskal J, Holler P, Marjanovic GC (2006) Evolution of polyaniline nanotubes: the oxidation of aniline in water. J Phys Chem B 110:9461–9468. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp057528g
Yang QC, Wei W, Lickfield GC (2000) Mechanical strength of durable press finished cotton fabric part III: change in cellulose molecular weight. Text Res J 70(10):910–915. https://doi.org/10.1177/004051750007001010
Yasmin A, Daniel IM (2004) Mechanical and thermal properties of graphite platelet/epoxy composites. Polymer 45:8211–8219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.09.054
Yu J, Zhou T, Pang Z, Wei Q (2015) Flame retardancy and conductive properties of polyester fabrics coated with polyaniline. Text Res J 86(11):1171–1179. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517515606360
Zhang L, Peng H, Zujovic ZD, Kilmartin PA, Travas-Sejdic J (2007) Characterization of polyaniline nanotubes formed in the presence of amino acids. Macromol Chem Phys 208:1210–1217. https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.200700013
Zhang C, Zhong L, Wang D, Zhang F, Zhang G (2018a) Anti-ultraviolet and anti-static modification of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics with graphene nanoplatelets by a high temperature and high-pressure inlaying method. Text Res J. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517518773375
Zhang F, Gao W, Jia Y, Lu Y, Zhang G (2018b) A concise water-solvent synthesis of highly effective, durable, and eco-friendly flame-retardant coating on cotton fabrics. Carbohydr Polym 199:256–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.085
Zhao H, Tian M, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhu S, Zhang X, Chen S, Qu L (2019) Enhanced electrical conductivity of silver nanoparticles decorated fabrics with sandwich micro-structure coating layer based on silver colloid effect. Mater Lett 240:5–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.12.052
Acknowledgments
PSB is thankful to TEQIP-III, MHRD, New Delhi for financial assistance.SM is thankful to UGC, New Delhi for granting BSR Faculty Fellowship.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bharadiya, P., Mahajan, C., Sharma, A.K. et al. Enriched mechanical, UV shielding and flame retarding properties of cotton fabric coated with graphite nano platelets filled polyaniline–gum arabic nanocomposites. Cellulose 26, 8135–8151 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02638-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02638-z