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Alteration of bacterial nanocellulose structure by in situ modification using polyethylene glycol and carbohydrate additives

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Abstract

Bacterial nanocellulose (BC) is characterized by an exciting interconnection of the important and well-known cellulose properties with the outstanding features of nano-scale materials. As a remarkable benefit of BC the property-controlling fiber network and pore system formed by self-assembly of the cellulose molecules can be modified in situ using additives during biosynthesis. The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 causes a pore size decrease. In presence of β-cyclodextrin or PEG 400 remarkably increased pores can be achieved. Surprisingly, these co-substrates act as removable auxiliaries not incorporated in the BC samples. In contrast, carboxymethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose as additives lead to structural modified composite materials. Using cationic starch (2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammoniumpropyl starch chloride, TMAP starch) double-network BC composites by incorporation of the starch derivative in the BC prepolymer were obtained.

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Abbreviations

BC:

Bacterial nanocellulose

CMC:

Carboxymethyl cellulose

DP:

Degree of polymerization

DS:

Degree of substitution

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

DSMZ:

Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen

GlcNAc:

N-Acetyl glucosamine

GPC:

Gel permeation chromatography

HS:

Hestrin-Schramm

MC:

Methyl cellulose

MN :

Number molecular weight

MW :

Weight molecular weight

PDI:

Polydispersity

PEG/PEO:

Polyethylene glycol

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TMAP starch:

2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammoniumpropyl starch chloride

UDP glucose:

uridine diphosphate glucose

WHC:

Water holding capacitiy

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Acknowledgments

Among many colleagues from the Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry as well as the lab, authors are especially grateful to Dr. Tim Liebert for the production of TMAP starch. We thank Dr. Völksch for SEM investigations and Mrs. Weiß for DSC measurements. Special thanks go to Prof. Antje Potthast (Department of Chemistry, University of natural resources and applied life sciences, Vienna)for the GPC investigations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstraße 12, 07743, Jena, Germany

    Nadine Heßler

  2. POLYMET Jena e.V., Transfer Group at Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Technologie-und Innovationspark, Wildenbruchstraße 15, 07745, Jena, Germany

    Nadine Heßler & Dieter Klemm

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  1. Nadine Heßler
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  2. Dieter Klemm
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Correspondence to Nadine Heßler.

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Heßler, N., Klemm, D. Alteration of bacterial nanocellulose structure by in situ modification using polyethylene glycol and carbohydrate additives. Cellulose 16, 899–910 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-009-9301-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-009-9301-5

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