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Shiga toxin-2 enhances heat-shock-induced apoptotic cell death in cultured and primary glial cells

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Abstract

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) selectively controls the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) environment using specific structural and biochemical features of the endothelial cells, pericytes, and glial limitans. Glial cells, which represent the cellular components of the mature BBB, are the most numerous cells in the brain and are indispensable for neuronal functioning. We investigated the effects of Shiga toxin on glial cells in vitro. Shiga toxin failed to inhibit cell proliferation but attenuated expression of heat shock protein 70, which is one of the chaperone proteins, in cultured and primary glial cells. Furthermore, the combination of Shiga toxin and a heat shock procedure induced cell apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation in both cells. Thus, we speculate that glial cell death in response to the combination of Shiga toxin and heat shock might weaken the BBB and induce central nervous system complications.

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Abbreviations

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

CNS:

Central nervous system

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

HSF:

Heat shock factor

HSP70:

Heat shock protein 70

HUS:

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

STEC:

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli

Stx:

Shiga toxin

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Takako Ohno-Shosaku for providing the B92 rat glial cells and primary rat glial cells. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Science and Culture from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.

Conflict of interest

The authors do not have any conflicts of interest to declare.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan

    Naotoshi Sugimoto

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

    Tomoko Toma, Masaki Shimizu, Mondo Kuroda, Taizo Wada & Akihiro Yachie

Authors
  1. Naotoshi Sugimoto
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  2. Tomoko Toma
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  3. Masaki Shimizu
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  4. Mondo Kuroda
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  5. Taizo Wada
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  6. Akihiro Yachie
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Correspondence to Naotoshi Sugimoto.

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Sugimoto, N., Toma, T., Shimizu, M. et al. Shiga toxin-2 enhances heat-shock-induced apoptotic cell death in cultured and primary glial cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 30, 289–299 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-014-9286-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-014-9286-1

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