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Efficient Metal-Free Catalytic Reduction of Nitro to Amine Over Carbon Sheets Doped with Nitrogen

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Abstract

A highly efficient nitrogen-doped carbon sheet-like material (NCS) is developed via simple pyrolysis of β-cyclodextrin and urea at different temperatures. The effect of the pyrolysis temperature (500–800 °C) on the nitrogen species present in the catalysts is thoroughly studied. These nitrogen species formed by the pyrolysis are proven to be the active sites for the chemical conversion. These catalysts containing a significant amount of nitrogen with a high degree of defects display excellent catalytic activity towards the reduction of nitro-compounds. The effect of solvents, reaction time, and temperature in nitrobenzene reduction reaction is also studied. This protocol can be easily utilized industrially due to its several excellent features such as short reaction time, use of green solvent, column chromatography free, and applicable to the gram scale. Besides, after the reaction, the NCS catalyst can be easily recovered and reused up to five runs without significant loss on its catalytic activity.

Graphical Abstract

A facile and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of metal-free NCS and their application in nitro reduction is reported.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [grant numbers 2020R1A2C1012586, 2019R1I1A3A01062440, 2020R1A6A3A01100150]. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2020R1A6A1A03044512).

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Author notes

  1. Both authors Priyanka Raju Thombal and Kummara Madhusudana Rao equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280-Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea

    Priyanka Raju Thombal, Kummara Madhusudana Rao, Sunmi Zo, Kannan Badri Narayanan, Raju S. Thombal & Sung Soo Han

  2. Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea

    Kannan Badri Narayanan & Sung Soo Han

Authors
  1. Priyanka Raju Thombal
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  2. Kummara Madhusudana Rao
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  3. Sunmi Zo
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  4. Kannan Badri Narayanan
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  5. Raju S. Thombal
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  6. Sung Soo Han
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Correspondence to Sung Soo Han.

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Thombal, P.R., Rao, K.M., Zo, S. et al. Efficient Metal-Free Catalytic Reduction of Nitro to Amine Over Carbon Sheets Doped with Nitrogen. Catal Lett 152, 538–546 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-021-03651-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-021-03651-3

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