Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Acid Activated Indian Bentonite, an Efficient Catalyst for Esterification of Carboxylic Acids

  • Published:
Catalysis Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The preparation, characterization, and catalytic properties of acid activated Indian bentonite (AAIB) are reported. AAIB has been characterized by XRD (basal spacing, 15.05 Å), specific surface area (273 m2/g), pore volume and pore diameter using BET method, TGA, SEM, and surface acidity by n-butylamine back titration method and infrared spectroscopy using pyridine as a probe molecule. The activity of Montmorillonite K10, ZrO2, S–ZrO2, p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA), Indian bentonite (IB), and AAIB was investigated by the esterification of p-cresol with stearic acid. Among the catalysts, AAIB was found to be more active. The esterification of various carboxylic acids with phenols and alcohols was studied on AAIB to obtain corresponding esters in good yields. The regeneration and reusability of AAIB has also been investigated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Otera J (2003) Esterification methods, reactions and applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  2. Otera J (1993) Chem Rev 93:1449

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry (1989) 5th edn. ELBS, Longman Group Ltd., Singapore, p 695

  4. Chen Z, Zhong J, Li Q, Ou Z (1992) Sci China Ser 13(32):769

    Google Scholar 

  5. Aracil J, Martinez M, Sanchez N, Corma A (1992) Zeolites 12:133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kirumakki SR, Nagaraju N, Chary KVR, Narayanan S (2003) Appl Catal A Gen 248:161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Yadav GD, Mehta PH (1994) Ind Eng Chem Res 33:2198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Suresh Babu CV, Karanth NG, Dinakar S (2002) Indian J Chem 41B:1068

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ballantine JA, Davies M, Neil RMO, Patel I, Purnell JH, Rayanakorn M, Williams KJ, Thomas JM (1984) J Mol Catal 26:57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kantam ML, Bhaskar V, Choudary BM (2002) Catal Lett 78(1–4):185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Srinivas KVNS, Das B (2003) J Org Chem 68:1165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kawabata T, Mizugaki T, Ebitani K, Kaneda K (2003) Tetrahedron Lett 44:9208

    Google Scholar 

  13. Reddy CR, Iyengar P, Nagendrappa G, Jai Prakash BS (2005) J Mol Catal A Chem 229:31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Reddy CR, Iyengar P, Nagendrappa G, Jai Prakash BS (2005) Catal Lett 101:87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hirose T, Kopek BG, Wang Z-H, Yusa R, Baldwin BW (2003) Tetrahedron Lett 44:1831

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Varma RS (2002) Tetrahedron 58:1235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ross GJ (1969) Clays Clay Miner 17:347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Caddick S (1995) Tetrahedron 51:10403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Varma RS, Dahiya R, Saini RK (1997) Tetrahedron Lett 38:8819

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Chandrashekar S, Subba Reddy BV (1998) Synlett 851

  21. Vijayakumar B, Iyengar P, Nagendrappa G, Jai Prakash BS (2004) Indian J Chem Technol 11:565

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Vijayakumar B, Iyengar P, Nagendrappa G, Jai Prakash BS (2005) Indian J Chem Sec B 44B:1950

    Google Scholar 

  23. Vijayakumar B, Reddy CR, Iyengar P, Nagendrappa G, Jai Prakash BS (2005) Indian J Chem Technol 12:316

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Vijayakumar B, Iyengar P, Nagendrappa G, Jai Prakash BS (2005) J Indian Chem Soc 82:922

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Garin F, Seyfried L, Girard P, Maire G, Abdulsamad A, Sommer J (1995) J Catal 151:26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Benesi HA (1956) J Am Chem Soc 78:5490

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Benesi HA (1957) J Phys Chem 61:970

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Cseri T, Bekassy S, Figueras F, Rizner S (1995) J Mol Catal A 98:101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Jankovic L, Komadel P (2003) J Catal 218:227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kaviratna H, Pinnavaia TJ (1994) Clays Clay Miner 42:717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Mills GA, Holmes J, Cornelius EB (1950) J Phys Colloid Chem 54:1170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Heyding RD, Ironside R, Norris AR, Prysiazniuk (1960) Can J Chem 38:1003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Taylor DR, Jenkins DB (1986) Soc Min Eng AIME Trans 282:1901

    Google Scholar 

  34. Breen C, Zahoor FD, Madejova J, Komadel P (1997) J Phys Chem B 101:5324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Thomas CL, Hickey J, Stecker G (1950) Ind Eng Chem 42:866

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Tkác I, Komadel P, Müller D (1994) Clay Miner 29:11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Norvak I, Gregor M (1969) Proc Int Clay Conf Tokyo 851

  38. Brunauer S, Deming LS, Deming WS, Teller E (1940) J Am Chem Soc 62:1723

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Mishra T, Parida K (1997) J Mater Chem 7:147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Bagshaw SA, Cooney RP (1993) Chem Mater 5:1101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Mokaya R, Jones W, Davies ME, Whittle ME (1994) J Solid State Chem 111:157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India, (Project No. SP/S1/H-38/98). The authors thank the members of the Governing Council of Bangalore Institute of Technology for the facilities provided. Thanks are also due to Sophisticated Instrumentation Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, for 1H NMR spectra.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Bangalore Institute of Technology, K R Road, Bangalore, 560 004, India

    B. Vijayakumar & B. S. Jai Prakash

  2. Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India

    B. Vijayakumar

  3. Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Bangalore, 560 001, India

    Gopalpur Nagendrappa

Authors
  1. B. Vijayakumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gopalpur Nagendrappa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. B. S. Jai Prakash
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to B. Vijayakumar or B. S. Jai Prakash.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Vijayakumar, B., Nagendrappa, G. & Jai Prakash, B.S. Acid Activated Indian Bentonite, an Efficient Catalyst for Esterification of Carboxylic Acids. Catal Lett 128, 183–189 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-008-9729-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-008-9729-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation