Skeletal Isomerization of Linear Butenes on Boron Promoted Ferrierite: Effect of the Catalyst Preparation Technique

Abstract

Potassium and acid ferrierites were impregnated with boron species by wet and incipient wetness techniques. All samples display a medium-intensity band at 3,450–3,470 cm⁻¹ associated to Si−OH···O groups corresponding to boron-containing units. The 1,398–1,404 cm⁻¹ band assigned to the B–O stretching in BO₃ units does not appear on boron–potassium–ferrierite prepared by wet impregnation. Catalytic performance during the linear butene skeletal isomerization was measured. At 300 °C, boron impregnated by incipient wetness technique on acid ferrierite reduces both linear butene conversion at a short time and isobutene yield in all time range. Boron–potassium–ferrierite prepared by wet impregnation has a suitable acidity to promote isobutene production. At 450 °C, this sample shows the best performance, being the isobutene yield 1.7 times higher than the acid-ferrierite one and reaching the highest isobutene selectivity (92%). This performance is maintained with time. Both isobutene yield and by-product distribution are strongly affected by temperature; dimer intermediates are formed. Finally, both kinds of hydroxyl groups corresponding to 3,466 and 3,635 cm⁻¹ bands influence the isobutene production whereas BO₃ sites are inactive for this reaction.