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Essential fatty acids and their metabolites as modulators of stem cell biology with reference to inflammation, cancer, and metastasis

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Abstract

Stem cells are pluripotent and expected to be of benefit in the management of coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease in which pro-inflammatory cytokines are increased. Identifying endogenous bioactive molecules that have a regulatory role in stem cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation may aid in the use of stem cells in various diseases including cancer. Essential fatty acids form precursors to both pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules have been shown to regulate gene expression, enzyme activity, modulate inflammation and immune response, gluconeogenesis via direct and indirect pathways, function directly as agonists of a number of G protein-coupled receptors, activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and stimulate cell proliferation via Ca2+, phospholipase C/protein kinase, events that are also necessary for stem cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Hence, it is likely that bioactive lipids play a significant role in various diseases by modulating the proliferation and differentiation of embryonic stem cells in addition to their capacity to suppress inflammation. Ephrin Bs and reelin, adhesion molecules, and microRNAs regulate neuronal migration and cancer cell metastasis. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their products seem to modulate the expression of ephrin Bs and reelin and several adhesion molecules and microRNAs suggesting that bioactive lipids participate in neuronal regeneration and stem cell proliferation, migration, and cancer cell metastasis. Thus, there appears to be a close interaction among essential fatty acids, their bioactive products, and inflammation and cancer growth and its metastasis.

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Conflict of interest

Dr. U. N. Das is a recipient of Ramalingaswami fellowship of the Department of Biotechnology, India during the tenure of this study.

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  1. School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, 533 003, India

    Undurti N. Das

  2. UND Life Sciences, 13800 Fairhill Road, #321, Shaker Heights, OH, 44120, USA

    Undurti N. Das

  3. Department of Medicine, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, 500 003, India

    Undurti N. Das

  4. Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, 530 048, India

    Undurti N. Das

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Das, U.N. Essential fatty acids and their metabolites as modulators of stem cell biology with reference to inflammation, cancer, and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 30, 311–324 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-011-9316-x

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