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Experimental frontiers for clinical applications: Novel approaches to understanding mechanisms of lymph Node metastases in melanoma

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An Erratum to this article was published on 10 July 2008

Abstract

Sentinel lymph nodes are the first nodes to receive lymph from primary tumors and are the preferential site of initial metastases. Sentinel nodes show morphology changes that suggests immune modulation with reduced antigen-presenting dendritic cells, activated T lymphocytes, high endothelial venules and transvenular migration of T lymphocytes. Tumor cells generate down-regulatory molecules. We postulate that tumor-induced immune dysfunction facilitates establishment of nodal metastases. Nodal immune modulation can be reversed by granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), a finding with implications for future therapy to prevent or reverse these nodal metastases.

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  1. Department of moleculer therapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, 2200, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA

    Richard Essner (Assistant Director)

  2. Surgical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics, USA

    Richard Essner (Assistant Director)

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Correspondence to Richard Essner.

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Presented as a lunch mini-symposium of the First International Symposium on Cancer Metastasis and the Lymphovascular System. April 28–30, 2005, San Francisco, CA.

Supported by NIH grant LA 12382 and LA 29605 and Saban Family Foundation.

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10555-008-9161-8.

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Essner, R. Experimental frontiers for clinical applications: Novel approaches to understanding mechanisms of lymph Node metastases in melanoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 25, 257–267 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-006-8506-4

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