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The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and bladder cancer risk among postmenopausal women

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Abstract

Introduction

Evidence on the association between diabetes and risk of bladder cancer has been controversial. In addition, findings on the associations between duration of diabetes, diabetes treatment, and risk of bladder cancer have been inconsistent.

Methods

A total of 148,208 participants in Women’s Health Initiative study were included. Information on diabetes status, diabetes duration, and treatment was collected both at baseline and during follow-up. Information on potential confounders including age, race/ethnicity, education, occupation, family history of cancer, smoking status, alcohol consumption, total physical activity, body mass index, and daily dietary intake were collected at baseline. Bladder cancer cases were collected and confirmed by a centralized review of pathology reports. Cox proportional hazard models with time-varying covariates were used to examine associations of diabetes status, duration of diabetes, and diabetes treatment with bladder cancer risk.

Results

During a median follow-up of 18.5 years, 865 bladder cancer cases were identified. There were no significant associations of diabetes, duration of diabetes, or diabetes treatment with risk of bladder cancer. Participants with prevalent diabetes did not have significantly higher risk of bladder cancer compared with those without diabetes.

Conclusion

Diabetes was not significantly associated with risk of bladder cancer among postmenopausal women.

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Acknowledgments

The WHI program is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services through contracts HHSN268201600018C, HHSN268201600001C, HHSN268201600002C, HHSN268201600003C, and HHSN268201600004C. A short list of WHI investigators is in the appendix.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA

    Yueyao Li, Pengcheng Xun & Juhua Luo

  2. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA

    Michael S. Hendryx

  3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Ka He

  4. Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Aladdin H. Shadyab

  5. The Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA

    Kathy Pan

  6. Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    Lihong Qi

Authors
  1. Yueyao Li
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  2. Michael S. Hendryx
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  4. Ka He
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  8. Juhua Luo
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Correspondence to Yueyao Li.

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Appendices

Appendix

Short list of WHI investigators

Program Office: (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland) Jacques Rossouw, Shari Ludlam, Joan McGowan, Leslie Ford, and Nancy Geller.

Clinical Coordinating Center: (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA) Garnet Anderson, Ross Prentice, Andrea LaCroix, and Charles Kooperberg.

Investigators and Academic Centers: (Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA) JoAnn E. Manson; (MedStar Health Research Institute/Howard University, Washington, DC) Barbara V. Howard; (Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford, CA) Marcia L. Stefanick; (The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH) Rebecca Jackson; (University of Arizona, Tucson/Phoenix, AZ) Cynthia A. Thomson; (University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY) Jean Wactawski-Wende; (University of Florida, Gainesville/Jacksonville, FL) Marian Limacher; (University of Iowa, Iowa City/Davenport, IA) Jennifer Robinson; (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA) Lewis Kuller; (Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC) Sally Shumaker; (University of Nevada, Reno, NV) Robert Brunner; (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN) Karen L. Margolis.

Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study: (Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC) Mark Espeland.

For a list of all the investigators who have contributed to WHI science, please visit: https://www.whi.org/researchers/Documents%20%20Write%20a%20Paper/WHI%20Investigator%20Long%20List.pdf.

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Li, Y., Hendryx, M.S., Xun, P. et al. The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and bladder cancer risk among postmenopausal women. Cancer Causes Control 31, 503–510 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-020-01294-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-020-01294-0

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