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Racial/ethnic differences in lifestyle-related factors and prostate cancer risk: the Multiethnic Cohort Study

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Abstract

Purpose

Older age, African ancestry, and family history of prostate cancer are well-established risk factors for prostate cancer, and all are non-modifiable. Various lifestyle factors have been examined in relation to prostate cancer risk, including diet, obesity, and physical activity; however, none of them has been consistently related to risk. In the Multiethnic Cohort Study, we investigated whether lifestyle-related factors are associated with prostate cancer risk and whether such factors explain the racial/ethnic differences in risk.

Methods

During a mean follow-up of 13.9 years, 7,115 incident cases were identified among 75,216 white, African-American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, and Latino men. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) for prostate cancer.

Results

Among selected lifestyle-related factors including body mass index, height, education, physical activity, and intakes of alcohol, calcium, legumes, lycopene, and selenium, only smoking (RR for current (≥20 cigarettes/day) vs. never smoking = 0.72; 95 % CI 0.63–0.83) and history of diabetes (RR for yes vs. no = 0.78; 95 % CI 0.72–0.85) were significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. Compared to whites, the risk of incident prostate cancer was twofold higher in African-Americans and 16 % higher in Latinos. Additional adjustment for a history of PSA testing did not change the results.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that racial/ethnic differences in prostate cancer risk are not explained by the lifestyle factors examined and that underlying genetic factors may be involved.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported in part by National Cancer Institute grant UM1 CA164973.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA

    Song-Yi Park, Lynne R. Wilkens & Loïc Le Marchand

  2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA

    Christopher A. Haiman, Sungshim Lani Park & Brian E. Henderson

  3. Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Avenue, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA

    Iona Cheng

  4. Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, 1960 East–West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    Laurence N. Kolonel

Authors
  1. Song-Yi Park
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  2. Christopher A. Haiman
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  3. Iona Cheng
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  4. Sungshim Lani Park
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  5. Lynne R. Wilkens
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  6. Laurence N. Kolonel
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  7. Loïc Le Marchand
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  8. Brian E. Henderson
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Correspondence to Song-Yi Park.

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Park, SY., Haiman, C.A., Cheng, I. et al. Racial/ethnic differences in lifestyle-related factors and prostate cancer risk: the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Cancer Causes Control 26, 1507–1515 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-015-0644-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-015-0644-y

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