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Cigarette smoking and prostate cancer-specific mortality following diagnosis in middle-aged men

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Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine associations of smoking at the time of diagnosis with the risk of prostate cancer death in a population-based cohort of men with prostate cancer.

Methods

Data were from 752 prostate cancer patients aged 40–64 years, who were enrolled in a case–control study and under long-term follow-up for mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between smoking and prostate cancer-specific and other cause mortality.

Results

Compared to never smoking, smoking at the time of diagnosis was associated with a significant increase in risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality. After controlling for demographic characteristics, Gleason grade, stage at diagnosis, and primary treatment, the HR was 2.66 (95% CI: 1.10–6.43).

Conclusions

Smoking at the time of diagnosis, independent of key clinical prognostic factors, is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer death.

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Acknowledgments

Supported by grants P50-CA97186, RO1-CA56678, and contract N01-CN-05230 from the National Cancer Institute, NIH, with additional support from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N. M4-B402, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA

    Zhihong Gong, Ilir Agalliu, Janet L. Stanford & Alan R. Kristal

  2. Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA

    Daniel W. Lin

  3. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Janet L. Stanford & Alan R. Kristal

Authors
  1. Zhihong Gong
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  2. Ilir Agalliu
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  3. Daniel W. Lin
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  4. Janet L. Stanford
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  5. Alan R. Kristal
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alan R. Kristal.

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Gong, Z., Agalliu, I., Lin, D.W. et al. Cigarette smoking and prostate cancer-specific mortality following diagnosis in middle-aged men. Cancer Causes Control 19, 25–31 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-007-9066-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-007-9066-9

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