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Estimating age-specific breast cancer risks: a descriptive tool to identify age interactions

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Abstract

Objective

Clarifying age-specific female breast cancer risks and interactions may provide important etiologic clues.

Method

Using a population-based case–control study in Poland (2000–2003) of 2,386 incident breast cancer cases and 2,502 control subjects aged 25–74 years, we estimated age-specific breast cancer incidence rates according to risk factors.

Results

Breast cancer risks were elevated among women with positive family history (FH), younger age at menarche, older age at first full-term birth, nulliparity, exogenous hormonal usage, and reduced physical activity (PA). Notwithstanding overall risks, we observed statistically significant quantitative (non-crossover) and qualitative (crossover) age interactions for all risk factors except for FH and PA. For example, nulliparity compared to parity reduced breast cancer risk among women ages 25–39 years then rates crossed or reversed, after which nulliparity increased relative risks among women ages 40–74 years.

Conclusion

Though quantitative age interactions could be expected, qualitative interactions were somewhat counterintuitive. If confirmed in other populations, qualitative interactions for a continuous covariate such as age will be difficult to reconcile in a sequential (multistep or monolithic) ‘stochastic’ breast cancer model. Alternatively, the reversal of relative risks among younger and older women suggests subgroup heterogeneity with different etiologic mechanisms for early-onset and late-onset breast cancer types.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH/National Cancer Institute

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Executive Plaza South 8070, 6120 Executive Plaza Blvd, Rockville, MD, 20892-7242, USA

    William F. Anderson, Rayna K. Matsuno, Mark E. Sherman, Jolanta Lissowska, Mitchell H. Gail, Louise A. Brinton, Xiaohong (Rose) Yang, Bingshu E. Chen, Philip S. Rosenberg, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Susan S. Devesa & Montserrat García-Closas

  2. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Center and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, 02-781, Poland

    Jolanta Lissowska, Alicja Bardin-Mikolajczak & Witold Zatonski

  3. Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland

    Beata Peplonska & Neonila Szeszenia-Dąbrowska

  4. Biostatistics Branch, DHHS/NIH/NCI/DCEG, EPS, Room 8036, 6120 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-7244, USA

    William F. Anderson

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  1. William F. Anderson
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Correspondence to William F. Anderson.

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Anderson, W.F., Matsuno, R.K., Sherman, M.E. et al. Estimating age-specific breast cancer risks: a descriptive tool to identify age interactions . Cancer Causes Control 18, 439–447 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-006-0092-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-006-0092-9

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