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A biological approach to characterizing exposure to metalworking fluids and risk of prostate cancer (United States)

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Abstract

Objective: Prostate cancer is hormone-related and chemicals that interfere with hormones may contribute to carcinogenesis. In a cohort of autoworkers we characterized exposure to metalworking fluids (MWF) into age windows with homogenous biological risk for prostate cancer, and examined exposure–response relationships using semi-parametric modeling.

Methods: Incident cases (n=872) were identified via Michigan cancer registry from 1985 through 2000. Controls were selected using incidence-density sampling, 5:1 ratio. Using a hormonal-based model, exposure was accumulated in three windows: (1) late puberty, (2) adulthood, and (3) middle age. We used penalized splines to model risk as a smooth function of exposure, and controlled for race and calendar year of diagnosis in a Cox model.

Results: Risk of prostate cancer linearly increased with exposure to straight MWF in the first window, with a relative risk of 2.4 per 10 mg/m3-years. Autoworkers exposed to MWF at a young age also had an increased risk associated with MWF exposure incurred later in life. For soluble MWF there was a slightly increased risk in the third window.

Conclusions: Exposure characterization based on a hormonal model identified heightened risk with early age of exposure to straight MWF. Results also support a long latency period for exposure related prostate cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA

    Ellen A. Eisen, David Kriebel, Margaret M. Quinn & David H. Wegman

  2. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA

    Ilir Agalliu

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  1. Ilir Agalliu
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  2. Ellen A. Eisen
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  3. David Kriebel
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  4. Margaret M. Quinn
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  5. David H. Wegman
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Correspondence to Ellen A. Eisen.

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Agalliu, I., Eisen, E.A., Kriebel, D. et al. A biological approach to characterizing exposure to metalworking fluids and risk of prostate cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control 16, 323–331 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-004-4323-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-004-4323-7

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