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Power, Status and Expectations: How Narcissism Manifests Among Women CEOs

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Abstract

Firms face mounting pressure to appoint ethical leaders who will avoid unnecessary risk, scandal and crisis. Alongside mounting evidence that narcissistic leaders place organizations at risk, there is a growing consensus that women are more ethical, transparent and risk-averse than men. We seek to interrogate these claims by analyzing whether narcissism is as prevalent among women CEOs as it is among men CEOs. We further analyze whether narcissistic women CEOs take the same types of risk as narcissistic men CEOs. Drawing on social role and token theories, we test hypotheses related to gender differences in the prevalence and impact of CEO narcissism on firm-level practices. Using a unique dataset that includes a large sample of CEOs of S&P 1500 companies from 1992 through 2014, we create a narcissism composite score for each CEO based on their photograph size in the annual report, and their cash earnings and non-cash earnings relative to the next highest paid executive. We find that women CEOs are less likely to exhibit narcissistic personality traits compared to men CEOs. Furthermore, we find that gender moderates the relationship between narcissistic CEOs and our outcome variables of risk-taking and questionable behaviors.

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Notes

  1. By comparison, Chatterjee and Hambrick (2007) had a sample of 352 firm-year observations, Olsen et al. (2014) had 1118 firm-year observations, and Judd et al. (2017) had 3759 firm-year observations. Thus, our sample is large for this research stream.

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  1. Department of Sociology, Social Work and Anthropology, Utah State University, 0730 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-0730, USA

    Alicia R. Ingersoll & Christy Glass

  2. Department of Management, Jon M. Huntsman School of Business, Utah State University, 3555 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-3555, USA

    Alison Cook

  3. Department of Accounting, Jon M. Huntsman School of Business, Utah State University, 3555 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-3555, USA

    Kari Joseph Olsen

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  1. Alicia R. Ingersoll
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Correspondence to Alicia R. Ingersoll.

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Ingersoll, A.R., Glass, C., Cook, A. et al. Power, Status and Expectations: How Narcissism Manifests Among Women CEOs. J Bus Ethics 158, 893–907 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3730-0

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