Skip to main content
Log in

Enabling the Original Intent: Catalysts for Social Entrepreneurship

  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

As capitalist economies have shifted their primary focus from providing goods and services for all, to concentrating wealth at the top echelons of societies, social entrepreneurs have been one source of re-capturing the original intent of capitalism. Social entrepreneurs have combined the efficiency and effectiveness of business organizations with the social concerns of many non-profit and governmental agencies. As a result, social entrepreneurship is viewed as having significant potential for alleviating many of the social ills we now face. To accomplish this mission, however, will require expansion of social enterprises beyond their current footprints. We explore alternate methods of expansion, scaling and replication, and then examine potential catalysts, which can enable social entrepreneurs to attain their goals of social improvement. The catalysts we identify are effectual logic, enhanced legitimacy through appropriate reporting metrics, and information technology. We conclude with two brief case studies that exemplify how these catalysts are currently working to enhance the effectiveness of social start-ups.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Austin, J., H.Stevenson, and J. Wei-Skillern: 2006, ‘Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship: Same, Different, Or Both?’, Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 30(1), 1-22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babajob: 2008, http://www.babajob.com/. Accessed 31 Jan 2010.

  • Berle, A.A. and G.C. Means: 1933, The Modern Corporation and Private Property, (Macmillan Co,New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: 2008, http://www.gatesfoundation.org/nr/public/media/annualreports/annualreport07/AR2007CEOLetter.html. Accessed 31 Jan 2010.

  • Bradach, J.L.: 2003, ‘The Challenge of Replicating Social Programs’, Stanford Social Innovation Review 1(1), 18-25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carson, R.: 1962, Silent Spring, (Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cho, A.: 2006, “Politics Values and Social Entrepreneurship: A Critical Appraisal”, in J. Mair, J. Robinson and K. Hockerts (eds.), Social Entrepreneurship, (Palmgrave Macmillan, Hampshire, UK) pp. 34-56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christenson, J.A. and L. Sigelman: 1985, ‘Accrediting Knowledge: Journal Stature and Citation Impact in Social Sciences’, Social Sciences Quarterly Index 66, 964-976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daly, H.E. and J.B. Cobb: 1989, For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy Toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future, (Boston Beacon Press, Boston, MA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dart, R.: 2004, ‘The Legitimacy of the Social Enterprise’, Nonprofit Management and Leadership 14(4), 411-424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dees, J.: 1998, ‘Enterprising Nonprofits', Harvard Business Review, January–February, pp. 55–67.

  • Dees, J.G., B.B. Anderson, and J.Wei-Skillern: 2004, ‘Scaling Social Impact: Strategies for Spreading Social Innovations’, Stanford Social Innovation Review 4(1), 25-32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, A.M.: 1986, ‘What is a Citation Worth?’, Journal of Human Resources 21, 200-215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DiMaggio, P.J. and W.W. Powell: 1983, ‘The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields’, American Sociological Review 48(2), 147-160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, J., J. Wachowicz and S. Chun: 1999, ‘Social Return on Investment: Exploring Aspects of Value Creation in the Nonprofit Sector’, http://www.redf.org/learn-from-redf/publications/118. Accessed 31 Jan 2010.

  • Friedman, T.L.: 2005, The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century, (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gadgil, M. and R. Guha : 1993, This Fissured Land: An Ecological Survey of India, (University of California Press, Berkley, CA,).

    Google Scholar 

  • Galbraith, J.K.: 1996, The Good Society: The Human Agenda, (Houghton Mifflin Co, Boston).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gates, B.: 2008, ‘Making Capitalism More Creative’, Time, August 11.

  • Giridharadas, A.: 2007, ‘In India, Poverty Inspires Technology Workers to Altruism’, The New York Times, October 30, pp. C4–C5.

  • Gore, A.: 2006, An Inconvenient Truth, (Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, R.L. and F.T. Adams : 1993, Taking Care of Business : Citizenship and the Charter of Incorporation, (Charter, Ink. Cambridge, MA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heslam, P.S.: 2007, “Reducing Poverty through Successful Business : The Role of Social Capital”, in J.F.A. Stoner and C. Wankel (eds.), Innovative Approaches to Reducing Global Poverty, (Information Age Publishing Inc., Charlotte, NC), pp. 131-152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinkley, R.: 2002, ‘How Corporate Law Inhibits Ethics', Business Ethics 16(1), 4–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, R.S. and D.P. Norton: 1996, The Balanced Scorecard : Translating Strategy into Action, (Harvard University Press, Boston, MA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, M.: 2003, The Divine Right of Capital: Dethroning the Corporate Aristocracy, (Berrett-Koehler Publishers Inc.,San Francisco, CA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiva: 2009, http://www.kiva.org/?gclid=CN3h79ypmZgCFRFWagod7hudnQ. Accessed 31 Jan 2010.

  • Koehn, N.: 2008, ‘The Time is Right for Creative Capitalism’, Working Knowledge Harvard Business School, http://hbswk.hbs.edu/cgi-bin/print?id=5988.

  • Korten, D.C.: 1995, When Corporations Rule the World, (Berrett-Koehler Publishers,San Francisco,CA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishna, A.: 2004, ‘Escaping Poverty and Becoming Poor: Who Gains, Who Looses and Why?’ World Development 32(1), 121-136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurth, J.: 2006, ‘The Rich Get Richer’, The American Conservative, September 25.

  • Leung, K.: 2007, ‘The Glory and Tyranny of Citation Impact: An East Asian Perspective’, Academy of Management Journal 50(3), 510-513.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mair, J. and I. Marti, I: 2006, ‘Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Source of Explanation, Prediction and Delight’, Journal of World Business 41, 36-44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mair, J., J.Robinson and K.Hockerts: 2006, “Introduction”, in J. Mair, J. Robinson and K. Hockerts (eds.), Social Entrepreneurship, (Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills, Basingstoke), pp. 1-13.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Murdoch, J.: 1999, ‘The Microfinance Promise’, Journal of Economic Literature 37(4), 1569-1614.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nace, T.: 2003, Gangs of America : The Rise of Corporate Power and the Disabling of Democracy, (Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco, CA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls, A.: 2006, “Introduction”, in A. Nicholls (ed.), Social Entrepreneurship: New Models of Sustainable Change (Oxford University Press, Oxford).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls, A. and Cho, A.: 2006, ‘Social Entrepreneurship: The Structuration of a Field’, in A. Nicholls (ed.), Social Entrepreneurship: New Models of Sustainable Social Change, (Oxford University Press, Oxford).

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, M. J.: 2008, ‘The Only Nonprofit that Matters’, Fortune, March, pp. 37–42.

  • Okun, A.M.: 1975, Equality and Efficiency: The Big Tradeoff, (Brookings Institution, Washington).

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson, L.: 1994, ‘Growing Pains’, Education Week, November 2, p. 29.

  • Polak, P.: 2008, Out of Poverty, (Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc., San Francisco).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawls, J.: 1971, A Theory of Justice, (Oxford University Press, Oxford).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarasvathy, S.M.: 2001, ‘Causation and Effectuation: Towards a Theoretical Shift from Economic Inevitability to Entrepreneurial Contingency’, Academy of Management Review 26(2), 243-288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarasvathy, S.M.: 2008, Effectuation: Elements of Entrepreneurial Expertise, (Edward Elgar, Northampton, MA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Seglen, P.O.: 1997, ‘Why the Impact Factor should not be used for Evaluating Research’, British Medical Journal 314, 498-502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senge, P.: 1999, The Fifth Discipline, (Doubleday, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Suchman, M.: 1995, ‘Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches ‘, Academy of Management Review 20(3), 571-610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sud, M., C. V. VanSandt and A. M. Baugous: 2009, ‘Social Entrepreneurship: The Role of Institutions’, Journal of Business Ethics 85(1), 201–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tawney, R.H.: 1962, Religion and the Rise of Capitalism: A Historical Study, (P. Smith, Gloucester, MA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurow, L.C.: 1975, Generating Inequality: Mechanisms of Distribution in the U.S. Economy, (Basic Books, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, W.W. and F. Rojouan : 1991, ‘Evaluating Input/Output Relationships in a Regional Research Network using Co-Word Analysis’, Scientometrics 22, 139-154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wankel, C.: 2008, “Introduction: A Variety of Approaches to Alleviating Poverty through Business Strategy”, in C. Wankel (ed.), Alleviating Poverty through Business Strategy, (Palgrave Macmillan, New York), pp. 1-4.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, M.: 1958, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, (Scribner, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wei-Skillern, J., J.E.Austin, H., Leonard and H. Stevenson: 2007, Entrepreneurship in the Social Sector, (Sage Publications, Los Angeles, CA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Werhane, P.H.: 1999, Moral Imagination and Management Decision Making, (New York, Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, O.E.: 1985, The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting, (Free Press; New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolman, W. and A. Colamosca: 1997, The Judas Economy: The Triumph of Capital and the Betrayal of Work, (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc. Reading, MA).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Craig V. VanSandt.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

VanSandt, C.V., Sud, M. & Marmé, C. Enabling the Original Intent: Catalysts for Social Entrepreneurship. J Bus Ethics 90 (Suppl 3), 419–428 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0419-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0419-z

Key words

Navigation