Abstract
The typhoon boundary layer within the two super typhoons Dujuan and Soudelor is observed using ground-based Doppler lidar up to a height of 240 m, and primarily in the outer rain-bands. The mean wind-speed profiles are analyzed over 1-h intervals and two longer intervals, representing the stages of the typhoons’ approach and departure, respectively. In agreement with surface-layer parametrizations related to finite mixing-length theory, the hourly mean wind-speed profiles demonstrate that the scaling parameter \(u_{*o}\)/fc, where \(u_{*o}\) denotes the surface friction velocity, and fc denotes the Coriolis parameter, determines the depth the surface layer, and governs the boundary-layer formation in the mixed layer. With large values of \(u_{*o}\)/fc, the dominance of surface friction extends the logarithmic layer to the uppermost level of the present observations. In contrast, with small \(u_{*o}\)/fc values, the effect of the Coriolis parameter increases the wind speed with respect to the logarithmic profile above the surface layer. That the averaged wind-speed profiles may be described by finite mixing-length theory, the empirical Deaves and Harris model, as well as the power-law profile, suggest these approaches are appropriate for simulations of the typhoon boundary layer.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to express their acknowledgement to the Ministry of Science and Technology for project funding (MOST 105-3113-E-006-016-CC2 and MOST 107-3113-F006-002). We are also indebted to the Central Weather Bureau and Water Resources Agency in Taiwan for use of the buoy and meteorological data.
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Tsai, YS., Miau, JJ., Yu, CM. et al. Lidar Observations of the Typhoon Boundary Layer Within the Outer Rainbands. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 171, 237–255 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-019-00427-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-019-00427-6