Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) is a booming class of metabolic diseases. Its number has increased nearly fourfold (to 45) since 2003, the year of the Komrower lecture, entitled ‘Congenital disorders of glycosylation CDG): It’s all in it!’. This paper presents an overview of recently discovered CDG and CDG phenotypes, of a diagnostic approach, of (the lack of) treatment, of CDG genetics, of a novel CDG nomenclature and classification, and of some future directions in the CDG field.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Gazali L, Hertecant J, Algawi K, El-Teraifi H, Dattani M (2008) A new autosomal recessive syndrome of ocular colobomas, ichthyosis, brain malformations and endocrine abnormalities in an inbred Emirati family. Am J Med Genet A 146A:813–819
Almeida A, Layton M, Karadimitris A (2009) Inherited glycosylphosphatidyl inositol deficiency: a treatable CDG. Biochim Biophys Acta 1792:874–880
Bianchi P, Fermo E, Vercellati C et al (2009) Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (CDAII) is caused by mutations in the SEC23B gene. Hum Mutat 30:1292‐1298
Cantagrel V, Lefeber DJ, Ng BG et al (2010) SRD5A3 is required for converting polyprenol to dolichol and is mutated in a congenital glycosylation disorder. Cell 142:1–15
De Lonlay P, Seta N (2009) The clinical spectrum of phosphomannose isomerase deficiency, with an evaluation of mannose treatment for CDG-Ib. Biochim Biophys Acta 1792:841–843
Denecke J, Marquardt T (2009) Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (CDAII/HEMPAS): where are we now? Biochim Biophys Acta 1792:915–920
Foulquier F (2009) COG defects, birth and rise! Biochim Biophys Acta 1792:896–902
Frank CG, Sanyal S, Rush JS, Waechter CJ, Menon AK (2008) Does Rft1 flip an N-glycan lipid precursor? Nature 415:447–450
Gazit Y, Mory A, Etzioni A et al (2010) Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II: long-term follow-up and review of the literature. J Clin Immunol 30:308–313
Guillard M, Dimopoulou A, Fischer B et al (2009) Vacuolar H+ -ATPase meets glycosylation in patients with cutis laxa. Biochim Biophys Acta 1792:903–914
Haeuptle MA, Pujol FM, Neupert C et al (2008) Human RFT1 deficiency leads to a disorder of N-linked glycosylation. Am J Hum Genet 82:600–606
Jaeken J (2003) Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG): it’s all in it! J Inherit Metab Dis 26:99–118
Jaeken J, van Eijk HG, van der Heul C et al (1984) Sialic acid-deficient serum and cerebrospinal fluid transferrin in a newly recognized syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 144:245–247
Jaeken J, Hennet T, Freeze HH, Matthijs G (2008) On the nomenclature of congenital disorders of glycosylation. J Inherit Metab Dis 31:669–672
Jaeken J, Hennet T, Matthijs G, Freeze HH (2009a) CDG nomenclature: time for a change! Biochim Biophys Acta 1792:825–826
Jaeken J, Vleugels W, Régal L et al (2009b) RFT1-CDG: deafness as a novel feature of congenital disorders of glycosylation. J Inherit Metab Dis 32:756–757
Kahrizi K, Najmabadi H, Kariminejad R (2009) An autosomal recessive syndrome of severe mental retardation, cataract, coloboma and kyphosis maps to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 4. Eur J Hum Genet 17:125–128
Kahrizi K, Hu CH, Garshasbi M, et al. (2011) Next generation sequencing in a family with autosomal recessive Kahrizi syndrome (OMIM 612713) reveals a homozygous frameshift mutation in SRD5A3. Eur J Hum Genet 19:115–117
Kornak U, Reynders E, Dimopoulou A et al (2008) Impaired glycosylation and cutis laxa caused by mutations in the vesicular H+-ATPase subunit ATP6V0A2. Nat Genet 40:32–34
Kranz C, Jungeblut C, Denecke J et al (2007) A defect in dolichol phosphate biosynthesis causes a new inherited disorder with death in early infancy. Am J Hum Genet 80:433–440
Krawitz PM, Schweiger MR, Rödelsperger C et al (2010) Identity-by-descent filtering of exome sequence data identifies PIGV mutations in hyperphosphatasia mental retardation syndrome. Nat Genet 42:827–829
Lübbehusen J, Thiel C, Rind N et al (2010) Fatal outcome due to deficiency of subunit 6 of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex leading to a new type of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Hum Mol Genet 19:3632–3633
Molinari F, Foulquier F, Tarpey PS et al (2008) Oligosaccharyltransferase—subunit mutations in nonsyndromic mental retardation. Am J Hum Genet 82:1150–1157
Morava E, Wopereis S, Coucke P et al (2005) Defective protein glycosylation in patients with cutis laxa syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 13:414–421
Morava E, Zeevaert R, Korsch E et al (2007) A common mutation in the COG7 gene with a consistent phenotype including microcephaly, adducted thumbs, growth retardation, VSD and episodes of hyperthermia. Eur J Hum Genet 15:638–645
Morava E, Lefeber DJ, Urban Z et al (2008) Defining the phenotype in an autosomal recessive cutis laxa syndrome with a combined congenital defect of glycosylation. Eur J Hum Genet 16:28–35
Ng BG, Kranz C, Hagebeuk E et al (2007) Molecular and clinical characterization of a Moroccan Cog7-deficient patient. Mol Genet Metab 91:201–204
Paesald-Burda P, Maag C, Troxler H et al (2009) Deficiency in COG5 causes a moderate form of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Hum Mol Genet 18:4350–4356
Reynders E, Foulquier F, Leao Teles E et al (2009) Golgi function and dysfunction in the first COG4-deficient CDG type II patient. Hum Mol Genet 18:3244–3256
Rind N, Schmeiser V, Thiel C et al (2010) A severe human metabolic disease caused by deficiency of the endoplasmatic mannosyltransferase hALG11 leads to congenital disorder of glycosylation-Ip. Hum Mol Genet 19:1413–1424
Schwarz K, Iolasco A, Verissimo F et al (2009) Mutations affecting the secretory COPII coat component SEC23B cause congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II. Nat Genet 41:936–940
Van Maldergem L, Yuksel-Apak M, Kayserili H et al (2008) Cobblestone-like brain dysgenesis and altered glycosylation in congenital cutis laxa, Debré type. Neurology 71:1602–1608
Vleugels W, Haeuptle MA, Ng BG et al (2009) RFT1 deficiency in three novel CDG patients. Hum Mutat 30:1428–1434
Wu X, Steet RA, Bohorov O et al (2004) Mutation of the COG complex subunit gene COG7 causes a lethal congenital disorder. Nat Med 10:518–523
Zeevaert R, Foulquier F, Cheillan D et al (2009) A new mutation in COG7 extends the spectrum of COG subunit deficiencies. Eur J Med Genet 52:303–305
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by: Eva Morava
Competing interests: None declared
Presented at the Annual Symposium of the SSIEM, Istanbul, Turkey, 31 August –3 September 2010
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jaeken, J. Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG): it’s (nearly) all in it!. J Inherit Metab Dis 34, 853–858 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-011-9299-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-011-9299-3