Abstract
Hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen forms on nitric oxide accumulation and glycinebetaine (GB) metabolism under osmotic stress (OS) simulated by the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) to two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars Zhengdan 958 (ZD958; drought-tolerant) and Jundan 20 (JD20; drought-sensitive). OS led to the accumulation of NO, GB, and choline, as well as to an increase of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) activity in both the cultivars. The responses of both the maize cultivars to OS were significantly higher under nitrate nutrition than under the mixed supply of ammonium and NO3 − or sole NH4 +. Cultivar ZD958 was superior to JD20 under the osmotic stress. Furthermore, compared with sole NH4 +, sole NO3 − and the mixed supply of NH4 + and NO3 − increased all the parameters in cv. ZD958 but only the GB and choline content in JD20. Therefore, it is concluded that ZD958 showed a higher accumulation of NO and enhanced GB metabolism under OS than JD20 regardless of N form.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Abbreviations
- BADH:
-
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
- GB:
-
glycine betaine
- OS:
-
osmotic stress
- PEG:
-
polyethylene glycol
References
Anjum, S.A., Xie, X.Y., Wang, L.C., Muhammad, F.S., Chen, M., Wang, L.: Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress. — Afr. J. agr. Res. 6: 2026–2032, 2011.
Ashraf, M.: Inducing drought tolerance in plants: some recent advances. — Biotechnol. Adv. 28: 169–183, 2010.
Ashraf, M., Akram, N.A., Al-Qurainy, F., Foolad, M.R.: Drought tolerance: roles of organic osmolytes, growth regulators, and mineral nutrients. — Adv. Agron. 111: 249–296, 2011.
Bartels, D., Sunkar, R.: Drought and salt tolerance in plants. — Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 24: 23–58, 2005.
Bradford, M.M.: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. — Anal. Biochem. 72: 248–254, 1976.
Daniell, H., Muthukumar, B., Lee, S.B.: Marker free transgenic plants: the chloroplast genome without the use of antibiotic selection. — Curr. Genet. 39: 109–116, 2001.
Feng, Z.X., Ren, A.N.: Mensuration of the content of choline in diospyros leaves. — Tianjin J. traditional chin. Med. 21: 248–249, 2004.
Griess, P.: Bemerkungen zu der abhandlung der H.H. Weselsky und Benedikt “Ueber einige Azoverbindungen.” — Chem. Ber. 12: 426–428, 1879.
Grieve, C.M., Grattan, S.R.: Rapid assay for determination of water soluble quaternary ammonium compounds. — Plant Soil 70: 303–307, 1983.
Hoagland, D.R., Arnon. D.I.: The water culture method for growing plants without soils. — Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ. 347: 1–32, 1950.
Li, Y., Gao, Y.X., Ding, L., Shen, Q.R., Guo, S.W.: Ammonium enhances the tolerance of rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) to drought condition. — Agr. Water Manage. 96: 1746–1750, 2009.
Mihailovic, N., Jelic, G., Filipovic, R., Djurdjevic, M., Dzeletovic, Z.: Effect of nitrogen form on maize response to drought stress. — Plant Soil 144: 191–197, 1992.
Misra, A.N., Misra, M., Singh, R.: Nitric oxide ameliorates stress responses in plants. — Plant Soil Environ. 57: 95–100, 2011.
Rhodes, D., Hanson, A.D.: Quaternary ammonium and tertiary sulfonium compounds in higher plants. — Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Bio. 44: 357–384, 1993.
Siddiqui, M.H., Al-Whaibi, M.H., Basalah, M.O.: Role of nitric oxide in tolerance of plants to abiotic stress. — Protoplasma 248: 447–455, 2011.
Walch-Liu, P., Neumann, G., Bangerth, F., Engels, C.: Rapid effects of nitrogen form on leaf morphogenesis in tobacco. — J. exp. Bot. 51: 227–237, 2000.
Wang, J., Li, D.Q.: Effects of water stress on AsA-GSH cycle and H2O2 content in maize root. — Chin. J. Eco-Agr. 2: 94–96, 2002.
Winzler, R.J., Meserve, E.R.: Spectrophotometric determination of small amounts of choline. — J. biol. Chem. 159: 395–397, 1945.
Zhang, L.X., Li, S.X., Liang, Z.S., Li, S.Q.: Effect of foliar nitrogen application on nitrogen metabolism, water status and plant growth in two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars under short-term moderate stress. — J. Plant Nutr. 32: 1–21, 2009.
Zhang, L.X., Zhai, Y.Y., Li, Y.Y., Zhao, Y.Y., Lv, L.X., Gao, M., Liu, J.C., Hu, J.J.: Effects of nitrogen forms and drought stress on growth, photosynthesis and some physico-chemical properties of stem juice of two maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) at elongation stage. — Pak. J. Bot. 44: 2869–2874, 2012a.
Zhang, L.X., Zhang, X.F., Wang, K., Zhao, Y.G., Zhai, Y.Y., Gao, M., An, Z.F., Liu, J.C., Hu, J.J.: Foliar urea application affects nitric oxide burst and glycinebetine metabolism in two maize cultivates under drought. — Pak. J. Bot. 44: 81–86, 2012b.
Zhang, L.X., Zhao, Y.G., Zhai, Y.Y., Gao, M., Zhang, X.F., Wang, K., Nan, W.G., Liu, J.C.: Effects of exogenous nitric oxide on glycinebetaine metabolism in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings under drought stress. — Pak. J. Bot. 44: 1837–1844, 2013.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Acknowledgements: The work was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (200902608). The first two authors contributed equally to this work.
Electronic supplementary material
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, L.X., Zheng, P., Ruan, Z. et al. Nitric oxide accumulation and glycinebetaine metabolism in two osmotically stressed maize cultivars supplied with different nitrogen forms. Biol Plant 59, 183–186 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-014-0458-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-014-0458-x