Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ginsenoside production, growth and cytogenetic characteristics of sustained Panax japonicus var. Repens cell suspension culture

  • Original Papers
  • Published:
Biologia Plantarum

Abstract

Cytophysiological and cytogenetic characteristics of cell suspension culture of Panax japonicus var. repens were studied in relation to the accumulation of ginsenosides (GSs). The minimal time of cell number doubling was 1.3 ± 0.1 d and cell number increased 7 to 8-fold during growth cycle. The cell culture can be considered as aneuploid with about tetraploid (46–60 chromosomes) modal class. Upon long-term cultivation, the total content of GSs considerably increased and maximal concentration of GSs was 2.2 %(d.m.). The ratio of seven major GSs only slightly altered both over each and different subcultures. The overall amount of GSs of Rg-group significantly exceeded that of Rb-group. Cell volume and the number of large cellular aggregates with the higher proportion (by 20 %) of parenchymal cells increased late in the subculture. In this time the population contained about 20 % of the cells with doubled amount of nuclear DNA and accompanied with elevation in the GS content. These data prompted us to suggest that biosynthesis of GSs has a link with cell differentiation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

HPLC:

high-performance liquid chromatography

GS:

ginsenoside

PJ:

Panax japonicus var. repens

SM:

secondary metabolite

References

  • Bayliss, M.V.: Chromosomal variation in plant tissue culture.-Int. Rev. Cytol. 11A(Suppl.): 113–144, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bondarev, N., Reshetnyak, O., Nosov, A.: Peculiarities of diterpenoid steviol glycoside production in in vitro cultures of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.-Plant Sci. 161: 155–163, 2001.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bondarev, N.I., Sukhanova, M.A., Reshetnyak, O.V., Nosov, A.M.: Steviol glycoside content in different organs of Stevia rebaudiana and its dynamics during ontogeny.-Biol. Plant. 47: 261–264, 2003/4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonfill, M., Cusidó, R.M., Palazón, J., Piñol, M.T., Morales, C.: Influence of auxins on organogenesis and ginsenoside production in Panax ginseng calluses.-Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 68: 73–78, 2002.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Briskin, D.P.: Medicinal plants and phytomedicines. Linking plant biochemistry and physiology to human health.-Plant Physiol. 124: 507–514, 2000.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bulgakov, V.P., Zhuravlev, Yu.N., Kozyrenko, M.A., Babkina, E.N., Uvarova, N.I., Makhan’kov, V.V.: [The content of dammarane-type glycosides in different callus lines of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.]-Rast. Resursy 27: 94–100, 1991. [In Russ.]

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butenko, R.G.: Plant Tissue Culture and Plant Morphogenesis.-Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd., Jerusalem 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butenko, R.G., Frolova, L.V., Lipsky, A.Kh., Reshetnyak, O.V.: Characteristics of Panax ginseng strains and growth of cell suspensions in bioreactors.-In: Proceedings of the 6th International Ginseng Symposium. Pp. 150–154. Korea Ginseng and Tobacco Research Institute, Taejon 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaiko, A.L., Reshetnyak, O.V., Kulichenko, I.E.: [The Panax japonicus (var. repens) cell culture: callus and suspension culture production, growth optimization and analysis of ginsenosides.]-Biotekhnologiya 6: 51–55, 1999. [In Russ.]

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi, K.-T., Ahn, I.-O., Park, J.-C.: Production of ginseng saponin in tissue culture of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer).-Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 41: 784–789, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craig, W.J.: Health-promoting properties of common herbs.-Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 70(Suppl.): 491S–499S, 1999.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, R.A.: Natural products and plant disease resistance.-Nature 411: 843–847, 2001.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eeva, M., Ojala, T., Tammela, P., Galambosi, B., Vuorela, H., Hiltunen, R., Fagerstedt, K., Vuorela, P.: Propagation of Angelica archangelica plants in an air-sparged bioreactor from a novel embryogenic cell line, and their production of coumarins.-Biol. Plant. 46: 343–347, 2003.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Estévez, J.M., Cantero, A., Reindl, A., Reichler, S., León, P.: 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, a limiting enzyme for plastidic isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants.-J. biol. Chem. 276: 22901–22909, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fedorov, A.L. (ed.): Khromosomnye Chisla Tsvetkovykh Rasteniï. [Chromosomal Numbers of Phanerogamous Plants.]-Nauka, Leningrad 1969. [In Russ.]

    Google Scholar 

  • Flores-Sánchez, I.J., Ortega-López, J., Montes-Horcasitas, M.C., Ramos-Valdivia, A.C.: Biosynthesis of sterols and triterpenes in cell suspension cultures of Uncaria tomentosa.-Plant Cell Physiol. 43: 1502–1509, 2002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gundlach, H., Müller, M.J., Kutchan, T.M., Zenk M.H.: Jasmonic acid is a signal transducer in elicitor-induced plant cell cultures.-Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 2389–2393, 1992.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi, H., Huang, P., Inoue, K., Hiraoka, N., Ikeshiro, Y., Yazaki, K., Tanaka, S., Kushiro, T., Shibuya, M., Ebizuka, Y.: Molecular cloning and characterization of isomultiflorenol synthase, a new triterpene synthase from Luffa cylindrica, involved in biosynthesis of bryonolic acid.-Eur. J. Biochem. 268: 6311–6317, 2001.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kozyrenko, M.M., Artyukova, E.V., Lauve, L.S., Zhuravlev, Yu.N., Reunova, G.D.: Genetic variability of the Panax ginseng callus lines.-Russ. J. Biotechnol. 1: 29–34, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubo, M., Tani, T., Katsuki, T., Ishizaki, K., Arichi, S.: Histochemistry. I. Ginsenosides in ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) root.-J. natur. Prod. 43: 278–284, 1980.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunakh, V.A., Mozhilevskaya, L.P., Adonin, V.I., Gubar, S.I.: [Productivity and genetic structure of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey cell populations during the in vitro cultivation.]-Biotekhnologiya 3: 25–35, 2003. [In Russ.]

    Google Scholar 

  • Langhansová, L., Maršík, P., Vaněk, T.: Production of saponins from Panax ginseng suspension and adventitious root cultures.-Biol. Plant. 49: 463–465, 2005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, M.-H., Jeong, J.-H., Seo, J.-W., Shin, C.-G., Kim, Y.-S., In, J.-G., Yang, D.-C., Yi, J.-S., Choi, Y.-E.: Enhanced triterpene and phytosterol biosynthesis in Panax ginseng overexpressing squalene synthase gene.-Plant Cell Physiol. 45: 976–984, 2004.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, S., Zhong, J.J.: Phosphate effect on production of ginseng saponin and polysaccharide by cell suspension cultures of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium.-Process Biochem. 33: 69–74, 1998.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murashige, T., Skoog, F.: A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue culture.-Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–495, 1962.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nosov, A.V., Globa, E.B., Kulichenko, I.E., Reshetnyak, O.V., Sobol’kova, G.I.: Effect of 5-azacytidine, a tool for epigenetic control, on saponin synthesis in cell cultures of Dioscorea deltoidea and Panax quinquefolium.-Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 47: 407–416, 2000.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shibata, S., Tanaka, O., Shoji, J., Saito, H.: Chemistry and pharmacology of Panax.-In: Wagner, H., Hikino, H., Farnsworth, N.R. (ed.): Economic and Medicinal Plant Research. Pp. 217–284. Academic Press, London 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R.G., Caswell, D., Carried, A., Zielke, B.: Variation of the ginsenoside content of American ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, roots.-Can. J. Bot. 74: 1616–1620, 1996.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, H., Achnine, L., Xu, R., Matsuda, S.P.T., Dixon, R.A.: A genomics approach to the early stages of triterpene saponin biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula.-Plant J. 32: 1033–1048, 2002.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Świątek, A., Lenjou, M., Van Bockstaele, D., Inzé, D., Van Onckelen, H.: Differential effect of jasmonic acid and abscisic acid on cell cycle progression in tobacco BY-2 cells.-Plant Physiol. 128: 201–211, 2002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, W., Zhang, Z.-Y., Zhong, J.-J.: Enhancement of ginsenoside biosynthesis in high-density cultivation of Panax notoginseng cells by various strategies of methyl jasmonate elicitation.-Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 67: 752–758, 2005.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong, J.J., Bai, Y., Wang, S.J.: Effects of plant growth regulators on cell growth and ginsenoside saponin production by suspension cultures of Panax quinquefolium.-J. Biotechnol. 45: 227–234, 1996.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zoriniants, S.E., Nosov, A.V., Monforte-Gonzalez, M., Mendes-Zeel, M., Loyola-Vargas, V.M.: Variation of nuclear DNA content during somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of Coffea arabica L. using cytophotometry.-Plant Sci. 164: 141–146, 2003.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, 127276, Moscow, Russia

    I. N. Smolenskaya, O. V. Reshetnyak, A. V. Nosov, S. E. Zoriniants, Y. N. Smirnova & A. M. Nosov

  2. Institute of Food Chemistry and Technology, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Agricultural Politics, Osypovskogo 2a, 04123, Kyiv, Ukraine

    A. L. Chaiko

Authors
  1. I. N. Smolenskaya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. O. V. Reshetnyak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. V. Nosov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. E. Zoriniants
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. L. Chaiko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Y. N. Smirnova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. A. M. Nosov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to I. N. Smolenskaya.

Additional information

In memory of Prof. R.G. Butenko

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Smolenskaya, I.N., Reshetnyak, O.V., Nosov, A.V. et al. Ginsenoside production, growth and cytogenetic characteristics of sustained Panax japonicus var. Repens cell suspension culture. Biol Plant 51, 235–241 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-007-0047-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-007-0047-3

Additional key words

Search

Navigation