Abstract
Zinc metal nanoparticles strongly enhance odorant responses of olfactory receptor neurons. Olfactory receptors belong to the large superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors. A theoretical model based on experimental results explains a stoichiometry of metal nanoparticles receptor interaction. The model is similar to that used by A.V. Hill for the binding reaction between hemoglobin and oxygen. The model predicted that one metal nanoparticle binds two receptor molecules to create a dimer. This result is consistent with the evidence that many G-protein-coupled receptors form dimers or larger oligomers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aiken JD, Finke RG (1999) A review of modern transition-metal nanoclusters: their synthesis, characterization, and applications in catalysis. J Mol Catal Chem 145:1–44
Ball P (2009) Column: the crucible. In: Advancing the chemical sciences; chemistry world. Royal Society of Chemistry, London
Bard AJ, Parsons R, Jordan J (1985) Standard potentials in aqueous solutions. Marcel Dekker, New York
Brookes JC, Hartoutsiou F, Horsfield AP, Stoneham AM (2007) Could humans recognize odor by phonon assisted tunneling? Phys Rev Lett 98. 038101/038101-038101/038104
Buck L, Axel R (1991) A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors—a molecular-basis for odor recognition. Cell 65:175–187
Connors KA (1987) Binding constants. The measurements of molecular complex stability. Wiley, New York
DIONEX (2009) Determination of transition metals in serum and whole blood by ion chromatography. In: Application note 108. http://www.dionex.com/en-us/webdocs/4201-AN108_V12.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2010
Fotiadis D, Liang Y, Filipek S, Saperstein DA, Engel A, Palczewski K (2003a) Atomic-force microscopy: rhodopsin dimers in native disc membranes. Nature (London, UK) 421:127–128
Fotiadis D, Liang Y, Filipek S, Saperstein DA, Engel A, Palczewski K (2003b) Is rhodopsin dimeric in native retinal rods? Reply. Nature (London, UK) 426:31
Frederickson CJ, Koh JY, Bush AI (2005) The neurobiology of zinc in health and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 6:449–462
Frederickson CJ, Giblin LJ, Krezel A, McAdoo DJ, Muelle RN, Zeng Y, Balaji RV, Masalha R, Thompson RB, Fierke CA, Sarvey JM, de Valdenebro M, Prough DS, Zornow MH (2006) Concentrations of extracellular free zinc (pZn)(e) in the central nervous system during simple anesthetization, ischemia and reperfusion. Exp Neurol 198:285–293
Fredholm BB, Hokfelt T, Milligan G (2007) G-protein-coupled receptors: an update. Acta Physiol 190:3–7
Giraldo J (2008) On the fitting of binding data when receptor dimerization is suspected. Br J Pharmacol 155:17–23
Hakkinen H (2008) Atomic and electronic structure of gold clusters: understanding flakes, cages and superatoms from simple concepts. Chem Soc Rev 37:1847–1859
Horning MS, Trombley PQ (2001) Zinc and copper influence excitability of rat olfactory bulb neurons by multiple mechanisms. J Neurophysiol 86:1652–1660
Khanna SN, Rao BK, Jena P (2002) Magic numbers in metallo-inorganic clusters: chromium encapsulated in silicon cages. Phys Rev Lett 89:016803.1–016803.4
Kleene SJ (2008) The electrochemical basis of odor transduction in vertebrate olfactory cilia. Chem Senses 33:839–859
Kruyt HR (1952) Colloid science. Elsevier, New York
Lagostena L, Menini A (2003) Whole-cell recordings and photolysis of caged compounds in olfactory sensory neurons isolated from the mouse. Chem Senses 28:705–716
Milligan G (2004) G protein-coupled receptor dimerization: function and ligand pharmacology. Mol Pharmacol 66:1–7
Milligan G (2007) G protein-coupled receptor dimerisation: molecular basis and relevance to function. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1768:825–835
Milligan G (2008) A day in the life of a G protein-coupled receptor: the contribution to function of G protein-coupled receptor dimerization. Br J Pharmacol 153:S216–S229
Pace U, Hanski E, Salomon Y, Lancet D (1985) Odorant-sensitive adenylate-cyclase may mediate olfactory reception. Nature 316:255–258
Persson E, Henriksson J, Tallkvist J, Rouleau C, Tjälve H (2003) Transport and subcellular distribution of intranasally administered zinc in the olfactory system of rats and pikes. Toxicology 191:97–108
Samoylov AM, Samoylova TI, Pustovyy OM, Samoylov AA, Toivio-Kinnucan MA, Morrison NE, Globa LP, Gale WF, Vodyanoy V (2005) Novel metal clusters isolated from blood are lethal to cancer cells. Cells Tissues Organs 179:115–124
Segel I (1975) Biochemical calculations. Wiley, New York
Skrabanek L, Murcia M, Bouvier M, Devi L, George SR, Lohse MJ, Milligan G, Neubig R, Palczewski K, Parmentier M, Pin JP, Vriend G, Javitch JA, Campagne F, Filizola M (2007) Requirements and ontology for a G protein-coupled receptor oligomerization knowledge base. BMC Bioinformatics 8:177
Takeda A (2001) Zinc homeostasis and functions of zinc in the brain. Biometals 14:343–351
Takeda A, Ohnuma M, Sawashita J, Okada S (1997) Zinc transport in the rat olfactory system. Neurosci Lett 225:69–71
Thomas JM (1988) Colloidal metals—past, present and future. Pure Appl Chem 60:1517–1528
Turin L (1996) A spectroscopic mechanism for primary olfactory reception. Chem Senses 21:773–791
Viswaprakash N, Dennis JC, Globa L, Pustovyy O, Josephson EM, Kanju P, Morrison EE, Vodyanoy V (2009a) Enhancement of odorant-induced responses in olfactory receptor neurons by zinc nanoparticles. Chem Senses 34:547–557
Viswaprakash N, Josephson EM, Dennis JC, Yilma S, Morrison EE, Vodyanoy VJ (2009b) Odorant response kinetics from cultured mouse olfactory epithelium at different ages in vitro. Cells Tissues Organs (in press)
Walter M, Akola J, Lopez-Acevedo O, Jadzinsky PD, Calero G, Ackerson CJ, Whetten RL, Gonbeck H, Hakkinen H (2008) A unified view of ligand-protected gold clusters as superatom complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:9157–9162
Zufall F, Firestein S, Shepherd GM (1994) Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels and sensory transduction in olfactory receptor neurons. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 23:577–607
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Fetzer Institute Inc., Grant no. 2231, and the Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Grant no. 01-G-022.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vodyanoy, V. Zinc nanoparticles interact with olfactory receptor neurons. Biometals 23, 1097–1103 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-010-9355-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-010-9355-8