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Erosional redistribution of topsoil controls soil nitrogen dynamics

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Abstract

In recent years, the role of soil erosion on terrestrial carbon sequestration had been the focus of a growing number of studies. However, relatively little attention has been paid so far to the role of erosion on the lateral distribution of soil nitrogen (N) and the role of geomorphic processes on soil N dynamics. Here, we present primary data on the stock of nitrogen in soil and its rate of erosion at a relatively undisturbed, zero-order watershed in northern California. Erosion transports 0.26–0.47 g N m−2 year−1 from eroding slope positions (Summit and Slope), and about two-thirds of the eroded N enters depositional landform positions (Hollow and Plain). Our results show that depositional-position soil profiles contain up to 3 times more N than soil profiles in the eroding positions. More than 92% of all soil nitrogen was chemically bound to soil minerals in all the landform positions, compared to 2–4% each found in the free light and occluded light fractions. Nitrogen associated with the free light fraction in topsoil is particularly susceptible to loss by soil erosion. By comparison, soil N associated with the aggregate-protected occluded light fractions and the mineral-associated dense fractions is likely to be protected from gaseous and dissolved losses. On average, we found that soil N has mean residence time of 694 years in eroding landform positions, compared to 2951 years in depositional landform positions. Our results also show that microbial processing of organic matter exerts strong control on overall soil N storage and N stabilized through sorptive interactions with soil minerals only in poorly drained depositional landform positions. Soil erosion exerts important control on stock, distribution, and long-term fate of soil N in dynamic landscapes.

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Acknowledgements

We thank John Harte and Jennifer Harden for their helpful comments during the research process and comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2003-35107-13601 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, National Science Foundation (CAREER, EAR- 1352627), and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, [Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Atmospheric System Research Program] under Award Number DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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  1. Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Rd, Merced, CA, 95343, USA

    Asmeret Asefaw Berhe

  2. Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Earth and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Margaret S. Torn

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Berhe, A.A., Torn, M.S. Erosional redistribution of topsoil controls soil nitrogen dynamics. Biogeochemistry 132, 37–54 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-016-0286-5

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