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Priorities for cave fauna conservation in the Iuiú karst landscape, northeastern Brazil: a threatened spot of troglobitic species diversity

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Abstract

The definition of priority for conservation becomes an emergency because habitat loss and degradation are among the main impacts on karst landscapes. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the priorities for cave conservation through the combination of indexes that use species richness, species distribution, and proportion of the deforested area (PDA). The caves presented 287 non-troglobitic species and 37 species (11.7 %) with troglomorphic traits that are distributed in 50 % of the caves. The caves also present a high phylogenetic and functional diversity of terrestrial, aquatic, and amphibious cave-restricted species, including many predators, scavengers, and one phytophagous species, most of them presenting remarkable specialized traits and restrict distribution in a few caves and in specific biotopes. The PDA were positively related to the distance from the limestone outcrop, because of the restrictive landforms for agropastoral activities. At least two caves present extremely high priority for conservation (Baixão and Baixa da Fortuna caves), while four caves present high priority, and almost all others require at least a conservation action. Suggestively, in this specific case, a coherent strategy was shown to maintain the preserved vegetation around the caves, improving the restoration of small fragments and minimizing alterations. Despite the results of the indices, the singularity of the area regarding the taxonomic and functional diversity of troglobites also reinforces the urgent need for conservation actions.

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Acknowledgements

Rafael Costa Cardoso was sponsored by FAPEMIG (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais) with a 24 months grant. This paper is part of his master thesis on Ecology at Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei. The authors are grateful to the Study Center in Subterranean Biology (CEBS) team, who helped in field samples, the farmers of the Iuiú and Malhada municipality (Joãozinho, Tião, Chico, and Honorato), and the Speleological Excursionist Society (SEE) who discovered the caves. We also thank the VALE/SA company for all support provided to CEBS/UFLA. RLF is grateful to the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) for research grant n. 308334/2018-3.

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  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Rafael Costa Cardoso, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira & Marconi Souza-Silva

  2. Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea, Setor de Biodiversidade Subterrânea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Caixa Postal 3037, Campus Universitário, CEP 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Rafael Costa Cardoso, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira & Marconi Souza-Silva

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Cardoso, R.C., Ferreira, R.L. & Souza-Silva, M. Priorities for cave fauna conservation in the Iuiú karst landscape, northeastern Brazil: a threatened spot of troglobitic species diversity. Biodivers Conserv 30, 1433–1455 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02151-5

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