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Drivers of primate richness and occurrence in a naturally patchy landscape in the Brazilian Amazon

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Abstract

We assessed the spatial extent at which the species-landscape relationship is strongest (i.e. the scale of effect—SE) on primate occurrence (Alouatta belzebul, Saguinus midas, Saimiri sciureus, and Sapajus apella and Cebus olivaceus, the last two considered together in the analysis) and species richness and evaluated which landscape, patch, and human variables influence primate distribution in a savanna ecosystem in Brazil. We used nested buffers to measure the landscape attributes, and used these data to assess the SE of the species-landscape relationships. We explored the relative contributions of landscape, patch, and human variables to species richness and occurrences by using Generalized Linear Mixed Models and logistic regression. We found that the SE did not differ between primates, but did between two regions with different matrix composition. At the landscape level, occurrence of all species was higher as the distance to the nearest block of continuous forest decreased, but was lower as the amount of water bodies and anthropogenic cover in the matrix increased. The occurrence of S. apella, C. olivaceus and A. belzebul was positively related to forest cover, and all species but A. belzebul had higher occurrence in taller forest. The occurrence of S. apella, C. olivaceus and A. belzebul decreased closer to the city, and S. apella and C. olivaceus presence increased with the number of residents. Richness was negatively related to the number of residents and anthropogenic cover, but positively to forest height. We concluded that conservation planning for primates should follow a “functional landscape” perspective, by maintaining higher forest cover and minimizing the anthropogenic alterations in the matrix.

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Acknowledgements

This study has been supported by the Conservation Leadership Programme (02327917), The Rufford Foundation (22322-1), Idea Wild (CALLBRAZ0916), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES: scholarships to RRH—process: 88881.314420/2019-01—and BRCR). The authors are extremely grateful to local people who agreed to participate in the study and provided the data used in this study. We also thank the local communities in the Savannas of Amapá for logistical support in the field. We thank an anonymous reviewer for the comments, which significantly improved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK km 02, Macapá, AP, 68903-419, Brazil

    Bayron R. Calle-Rendón, Jose Julio de Toledo & Renato R. Hilário

  2. Laboratório de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK km 02, Macapá, AP, 68903-419, Brazil

    Bayron R. Calle-Rendón, Jose Julio de Toledo & Renato R. Hilário

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil

    Karen Mustin

  4. Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

    Renato R. Hilário

Authors
  1. Bayron R. Calle-Rendón
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  2. Jose Julio de Toledo
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  3. Karen Mustin
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  4. Renato R. Hilário
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bayron R. Calle-Rendón.

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Communicated by Stephen Garnett.

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Calle-Rendón, B.R., de Toledo, J.J., Mustin, K. et al. Drivers of primate richness and occurrence in a naturally patchy landscape in the Brazilian Amazon. Biodivers Conserv 29, 3369–3391 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-02028-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-02028-z

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