Abstract
The impact of landscape structure on the genetic structure of an abundant and widespread carabid beetle Poecilus versicolor was analysed in a low mountain range (Lahn-Dill-Bergland, Germany) by means of RAPD-PCR. Habitat patch and landscape characteristics were included as independent variables into a GIS oriented correlative approach. Results indicated a high overall genetic diversity of the beetle population and suggest that the mobility of P. versicolor is much higher than previously thought. An equilibrium among migration and genetic drift has not been reached yet, therefore it is very likely that revealed differences in allele frequencies reflect current pattern of genetic diversity. Landscape characteristics at a scale of 1000 × 1000 m surrounding each study site significantly affected the genetic population structure of the carabid beetle, while it is only indirect affected by patch conditions. Opposite effects of grassland and arable land on genetic diversity demonstrated that grassland in the surrounding landscape facilitates dispersal, while arable land apparently decreases successful dispersal, but both factors increase population density on the study site. We conclude that the local population genetic structure of a widespread and highly mobile species as P. versicolor is strongly affected by the amount of suitable habitat in a landscape of large habitat proportion. The inclusion of landscape characteristics offers a powerful way for analysing effects on genetic diversity. Further studies on conservation genetics should incorporate a landscape perspective in order to assess the loss of local genetic diversity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.C. Avise (1994) Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution Chapman and Hall New York
S.O. Bandeira P.G. Nilsson (2001) ArticleTitleGenetic population structure of the seagrass Thalassodendron ciliatum in sandy and rocky habitats in southern Mozambique Marine Biol. 139 1007–1012 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XkslSktA%3D%3D
D.J. Bender L. Tischendorf L. Fahrig (2003) ArticleTitleUsing patch isolation metrics to predict animal movement in binary landscapes Landscape Ecol. 18 17–39 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1022937226820
J.P. Bielawski K. Noack D.E. Pumo (1995) ArticleTitleReproducible amplification of RAPD markers from vertebrate DNA BioTechniques 18 257–260
J.L. Bossart D.P. Prowell (1998) ArticleTitleGenetic estimates of population structure and gene flow: limitations, lessons and new directions Trends Ecol. Evol. 13 202–206
C. Brouat H. Chevallier S. Meusnier T. Noblecourt J.-Y. Rasplus (2004) ArticleTitleSpecialization and habitat: spatial environmental effects on abundance and genetic diversity of forest generalist and specialist Carabus species Mol. Ecol. 13 1815–1826 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlvFelurg%3D Occurrence Handle15189205
V. Castric F. Bonney L. Bernatchez (2001) ArticleTitleLandscape structure and hierarchical genetic diversity in the brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill Evolution 55 1016–1028 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2Fhs1GjtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11430638
H.C. Cotrim M.W. Chase M.S. Pais (2003) ArticleTitleSilene rothmaleri P. Silva (Caryophyllaceae), a rare, fragmented but genetically diverse species Biodiv. Conserv. 12 1083–1098
Degen B. 2000. SGS: Spatial Genetic Software. Computer program and user’s manual. http://kourou.cirad.fr/genetique/software.html.
B. Degen R. Petit A. Kremer (2001) ArticleTitleSGS-spatial genetic software: a computer program for analysis of spatial genetic and phenotypic structures of individuals and populations J. Heredity 92 447–449 Occurrence Handle10.1093/jhered/92.5.447 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XltVSrtQ%3D%3D
P.J. Boer ParticleDen (1990) ArticleTitleThe survival value of dispersal in terrestrial arthropods Biol. Conserv. 54 175–192
L. Fahrig (2003) ArticleTitleEffects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity Ann. Rev. Ecol., Evol. Syst. 34 487–515
J.P. Gibbs (2001) ArticleTitleDemography versus habitat fragmentation as determinants of genetic variation in wild populations Biol. Conserv. 100 15–20 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00203-2
R.K. Grosberg D.R. Levitan B.B. Cameron (1996) Characterization of genetic structure and genealogies using RAPD-PCR markers: a random primer for the novice and nervous J.D. Ferraris S.R. Palumbi (Eds) Molecular Zoology John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York 65–100
Grüm L. 1994. Habitat preference and competition among Carabus, K. Desender, M. Dufrêne, M. Loreau, M.L. Luff, J.-P. Maelfait (eds). Carabid Beetles: Ecology and Evolution. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 295-298.
I. Hanski (1998) ArticleTitleMetapopulation dynamics Nature 396 41–49 Occurrence Handle10.1038/23876 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXntl2rurw%3D
P.W. Hedrick M.E. Gilpin (1997) Genetic effective size of a metapopulation I. Hanski M.E. Gilpin (Eds) Metapopulation Biology, Ecology, Genetics and Evolution Academic Press London, New York, Tokyo 165–181
D. Hiebeler (2000) ArticleTitlePopulations on fragmented landscapes with spatially structured heterogeneities: landscape generation and local dispersal Ecology 81 1629–1641
E. Hietel R. Waldhardt A. Otte (2004) ArticleTitleAnalysing land-cover changes in relation to environmental variables in Hesse, Germany Landscape Ecol. 19 473–489 Occurrence Handle10.1023/B:LAND.0000036138.82213.80
K.E. Holsinger P. Vitt (1997) The future of conservation biology: What’s a geneticist to do? S.T.A. Pickett R.S. Ostfeld M. Shachak G.E. Liken (Eds) The Ecological Basis of Conservation Chapman and Hall New York 202–216
A.R. Holt P.H. Warren K.J. Gaston (2002) ArticleTitleThe importance of biotic interactions in abundance – occupancy relationships J. Anim. Ecol. 71 846–854 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00650.x
I. Keller W. Nentwig C.R. Largiadèr (2004) ArticleTitleRecent habitat fragmentation due to roads can lead to significant genetic differentiation in an abundant flightless ground beetle Mol. Ecol. 13 2983–2994 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXptFSku7s%3D Occurrence Handle15367114
N. Keyghobadi J. Roland C. Strobeck (1999) ArticleTitleInfluence of landscape on the population genetic structure of the alpine butterfly Parnassius smintheus (Papilionidae) Mol. Ecol. 8 1481–1495 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00726.x Occurrence Handle10564454
S. Kjølner M. Såstad P. Taberlet C. Brochmann (2004) ArticleTitleAmplified fragment length polymorphism versus random amplified polymorphic DNA markers: clonal diversity in Saxifraga cernua Mol. Ecol. 13 81–86 Occurrence Handle14653790
H. Knutsen B.A. Rukke P. Jorde R.A. Ims (2000) ArticleTitleGenetic differentiation among populations of the beetle Bolitophagus reticulatus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in a fragmented and a continuous landscape Heredity 84 667–676 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00691.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmsVSisLg%3D Occurrence Handle10886382
J. Krauss T. Schmitt A. Seitz I. Steffan-Dewenter T. Tscharntke (2004) ArticleTitleEffects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic structure of the monophagous butterfly Polymmatus coridon along its northern range margin Mol. Ecol. 13 311–320 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.02072.x Occurrence Handle14717889
R. Lindborg O. Eriksson (2004) ArticleTitleHistorical landscape connectivity affects present species diversity Ecology 85 IssueID7 1840–1845
C.H. Lindroth (1992) Ground Beetles (Carabidae) of Fennoscandia. A zoogeographic study. In: Part I Specific Knowledge Regarding the Species Intercept Andover, Hampshire
S. Manel M.K. Schwartz G. Luikart P. Taberlet (2003) ArticleTitleLandscape genetics: combining landscape ecology and population genetics Trends Ecol. Evol. 18 189–197 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00008-9
K. McGarigal B. Marks (1995) FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Quantifying Landscape Structure USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station Portland, Oregon
S.G. Nebauer L. Castillo-Agudo J. Segura (2000) ArticleTitleAn assessment of genetic relationships within the genus Digitalis based on PCR-generated RAPD markers Theor. Appl. Genet. 100 1209–1216 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s001220051426 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlsF2gsbw%3D
R.A. Nichols L.M. Freeman (2004) ArticleTitleUsing molecular markers with high mutation rates to obtain estimates of relative population size and to distinguish the effects of gene flow and mutation: a demonstration using data from endemic mauritian skinks Mol. Ecol. 13 775–787 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02112.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjtFKns7c%3D Occurrence Handle15012755
M.H. Osakabe N. Hinomoto S. Toda K. Goka (2000) ArticleTitleMolecular cloning and characterization of a microsatellite locus found in an RAPD marker of a spider mite, Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) Exp. Appl. Acarol. 24 385–395 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1006405325992 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtV2jtg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11156164
S. Petit F. Burel (1998) ArticleTitleEffects of landscape dynamics on the metapopulation of a ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in a hedgerow network Agri., Ecosyst. Environ. 69 243–252
T. Purtauf J. Dauber V. Wolters (2004) ArticleTitleCarabid communities in the spatio-temporal mosaic of a rural landscape Landscape Urban Plann. 67 185–193
M.G. Ramirez K.E. Haakonsen (1999) ArticleTitleGene flow among habitat patches on a fragmented landscape in the spider Argiope trifasciata (Araneae: Araneidae) Heredity 83 580–585 Occurrence Handle10.1038/sj.hdy.6885630 Occurrence Handle10620031
M.L. Raymond F. Rousset (1995) ArticleTitleAn exact test for population differentiation Evolution 49 1280–1283
J. Ribera S. Dolédec J.S. Downie G.N. Foster (2001) ArticleTitleEffect of land disturbance and stress on species traits of ground beetle assemblages Ecology 82 1112–1129
F.J. Rohlf (1998) NTSYS-pc: Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System, Version 2.01 Setauket, Exeter Software New York
M.L. Rosenzweig (1995) Species Diversity in Space and Time Cambridge University Press Cambridge
T. Roslin (2001) ArticleTitleSpatial population structure in a patchily distributed beetle Mol. Ecol. 10 823–837 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01235.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjvVensLc%3D Occurrence Handle11348492
G.R. Rout D. Bhatacharya R.M. Nanda S. Nayak P. Das (2003) ArticleTitleEvaluation of genetic relationships in Dalbergia species using RAPD markers Biodiv. Conserv. 12 197–206
S. Schneider D. Roessli L. Excoiffier (2000) Arlequin ver. 2.000: A Software for Population Genetic Data Analysis Genetics and Biometry Laboratory University of Geneva, Switzerland
P.A. Shary L.S. Sharaya A.V. Mitusov (2002) ArticleTitleFundamental quantitative methods of land surface analysis Geoderma 107 1–35 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0016-7061(01)00136-7
M. Slatkin (1993) ArticleTitleIsolation by distance in equilibrium and non-equilibrium populations Evolution 47 264–279
D. Stanners P. Bordeau (1995) Europe’s Environment. The Dobris Assessment European Environmental Agency Copenhagen
I. Steffan-Dewenter U. Münzenberg C. Bürger C. Thies T. Tscharntke (2002) ArticleTitleScale-dependent effects of landscape context on three pollinator guilds Ecology 83 IssueID5 1421–1432
A.J. Stow P. Sunnucks D.A. Briscoe M.G. Gardner (2001) ArticleTitleThe impact of habitat fragmentation on dispersal of Cunningham’s skink (Egernia cunninghami): evidence from allelic and genotypic analyses of microsatellites Mol. Ecol. 10 867–878 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01253.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjvVensbw%3D Occurrence Handle11348496
S. Suarez-Seoane J. Baudry (2002) ArticleTitleScale dependence of spatial patterns and cartography on the detection of landscape change: relationships with species’ perception Ecography 25 499–511 Occurrence Handle10.1034/j.1600-0587.2002.250412.x
J. Vandermeer R. Carvajal (2001) ArticleTitleMetapopulation dynamics and the quality of the matrix Am. Natur. 158 IssueID3 211–220
S. Vandewoestijne G. Nève M. Baguette (1999) ArticleTitleSpatial and temporal population genetic structure of the butterfly Aglais urticae L. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) Mol. Ecol. 8 1539–1543 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00725.x Occurrence Handle10564461
S. Dongen ParticleVan T. Backeljau E. Matthysen A.A. Dhondts (1998) ArticleTitleGenetic population structure of the winter moth (Operophtera brumata L.) (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in a fragmented landscape Heredity 80 92–100
L.M. Vucetich J.A. Vucetich C.P. Joshi T.A. Waite R.O. Peterson (2001) ArticleTitleGenetic (RAPD) diversity in Peromyscus maniculatus populations in a naturally fragmented landscape Mol. Ecol. 10 35–40 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01173.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjs1ejtL4%3D Occurrence Handle11251785
M.C. Whitlock (2001) Dispersal and the genetic properties of metapopulations J. Clobert J.D. Nichols E. Danchin A.A. Dhondt (Eds) Dispersal Oxford University Press Inc New York 273–282
K.A. With A.W. King (2001) ArticleTitleAnalysis of landscape sources and sinks: the effect of spatial pattern on avian demography Biol. Conserv. 100 75–88 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00209-3
B.C. Wood A.S. Pullin (2002) ArticleTitlePersistence of species in a fragmented urban landscape: the importance of dispersal ability and habitat availability for grassland butterflies Biodiv. Conserv 11 1451–1468
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sander, AC., Purtauf, T., Holzhauer, S.I.J. et al. Landscape Effects on the Genetic Structure of the Ground Beetle Poecilus Versicolor STURM 1824. Biodivers Conserv 15, 245–259 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-7182-3
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-7182-3