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Predicting impacts of lionfish (Pterois volitans) invasion in a coastal ecosystem of southern Brazil

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Abstract

The opportunistic feeder Pterois volitans is a voracious invader, causing large impacts in marine food-webs. We have used a Ecopath-with-Ecosim model to hypothesize an invasion by lionfish and to predict the likely impact of this potential generalist mesopredator in a subtropical food-web model. With thirty-three functional groups, the initial Ecopath model was balanced with a low biomass of lionfish (0.07 t/km2). In Ecosim, three scenarios of different vulnerability settings for the linkages between the introduced fish and its prey were tested, representing the default setting, a top-down control, and an extreme top-down control. The scenarios were tested using different assumptions on the ability of the invasive fish to change the proportions of prey consumed according to prey availability. Our model predicted that the hypothesized lionfish invasion would have a strong impact on this subtropical marine food web: (1) by reducing prey populations and, consequently, food for native predators, and; (2) by predating on key species, causing direct impacts and possibly cascading trophic effects. Reef fish were the most affected, including some groups ecologically and economically important, like lutjanids and groupers. However, some adaptations in the fishing strategy of fishermen are expected which may affect other fish groups. Stakeholders should be warned of the potential ecological and socio-economic impacts that may arise from a lionfish invasion and various strategies and policy options should be immediately developed and applied (1) to prevent the arrival and establishment of the lionfish, and; (2) to make the ecosystem more resilient to this and other possible exotic species.

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Acknowledgements

We thank André Pereira Cattani, Lilyane Santos and Marcelo Soeth, who helped defining the functional groups of Paraná coast. We thank NGO MarBrasil for the field data collected under the project Rebimar, financed by Petrobras. We also want to thank the support provided by the Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation – UFPR, the doctoral scholarship and the grant from CAPES to JB to visit the University of South Florida (10907/14-9), and a research grant from CNPq to RMR (305201/2014-0).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil

    Janaína Bumbeer & Rosana Moreira da Rocha

  2. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19020, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil

    Rosana Moreira da Rocha

  3. Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR, 83255-976, Brazil

    Hugo Bornatowski

  4. Associação MarBrasil, Av. Beira-Mar s/n, P.O. Box 48, Pontal do Paraná, PR, 83255-976, Brazil

    Janaína Bumbeer & Maurício de Castro Robert

  5. Faculdade Anchieta de Ensino Superior do Paraná, Cidade Industrial do Paraná, PR, 81315-000, Brazil

    Maurício de Castro Robert

  6. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA

    Cameron Ainsworth

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  1. Janaína Bumbeer
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  2. Rosana Moreira da Rocha
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  3. Hugo Bornatowski
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  5. Cameron Ainsworth
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Correspondence to Janaína Bumbeer.

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Bumbeer, J., da Rocha, R.M., Bornatowski, H. et al. Predicting impacts of lionfish (Pterois volitans) invasion in a coastal ecosystem of southern Brazil. Biol Invasions 20, 1257–1274 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1625-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1625-8

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