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Hunting as a source of alien species: a European review

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Abstract

Hunting activities are responsible for the translocation and restocking of millions of animals throughout Europe, including the introduction of alien species. In a context of the growing use of game translocations and of increasing concern about the impact of biological invasions, our goal is to review the role of alien species introduced primarily for hunting purposes on the European scale. In particular, we explore: (1) the relative importance of game species in the context of alien species introductions; (2) the temporal evolution of the number of species introduced for hunting purposes; (3) the contribution of different taxa; (4) the pattern of introduced game species composition across countries (in terms of similarity), and (5) the underlying human demographic factors driving the diversity of introduced game species per country. According to our results, 24.3% of the mammals and 30.2% of the birds introduced into Europe during the last century were released primarily for hunting purposes, in total, 93 species (63 birds and 36 mammals), the most important taxa being Artiodactyls, Anseriformes and Galliformes. The species composition differed among countries, with a higher diversity of introduced game species in larger countries and in those with a higher human population density and proportion of hunters. This review stresses that hunting was a significant pathway for the introduction of invasive species into Europe in the last century. Since some of the game species introduced have had severe environmental impacts on many European regions, and introductions of non-native game species are still occurring, it is essential to improve regulations and increase public awareness regarding invasive game animals. This will help to preserve biodiversity and improve the sustainability of current hunting schemes in increasingly managed European ecosystems.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to those databases that provided data for this review (i.e. DAISIE and GISD). We would also like to thank S. Newton and J. Oteros and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. This study received financial support from the research Project AGL2012-40128-C03-01 and EU-FEDER funds. AJC holds an FPI pre-doctoral scholarship. M. Delibes-Mateos is supported by V Plan Propio de Investigación of the University of Sevilla.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS, CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14080, Córdoba, Spain

    Antonio J. Carpio

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Córdoba, C-1 Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain

    Antonio J. Carpio, José Guerrero-Casado & Francisco S. Tortosa

  3. Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador

    José Guerrero-Casado

  4. SABIO IREC Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain

    José A. Barasona & Joaquín Vicente

  5. Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí (ESPAM), Calceta, Ecuador

    Francisco S. Tortosa

  6. Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, 801 76, Gävle, Sweden

    Lars Hillström

  7. Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados (IESA, CSIC), Campo Santo de los Mártires 7, 14004, Córdoba, Spain

    Miguel Delibes-Mateos

  8. CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrario de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal

    Miguel Delibes-Mateos

  9. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Seville, Spain

    Miguel Delibes-Mateos

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  1. Antonio J. Carpio
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Carpio, A.J., Guerrero-Casado, J., Barasona, J.A. et al. Hunting as a source of alien species: a European review. Biol Invasions 19, 1197–1211 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1313-0

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