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The Risk of Coronary Artery Disease Associated with Cigarette Smoking and Hypercholesterolemia Is Additionally Increased by the Presence of the AT 1 R Gene 1166C Allele

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Abstract

Cigarette smoking and hypercholesterolemia influence the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) functions, including increased RAS-mediated vasoconstriction, mitogenic signaling, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) expression. We have explored the interactions of the AT 1 R gene 1166 A>C polymorphism and traditional risk factors using an epidemiological approach. The study cohort included 341 subjects; 172 were patients with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) and 169 were blood donors. The 1166 A>C polymorphism was genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. We found a synergy of the 1166C allele with cigarette smoking (synergy indices: SI = 1.41, SIM = 1.33), LDL cholesterol levels ≥ 3 mmol/l (SI = 1.25, SIM = 1.19), and elevated total cholesterol (≥5 mmol/l) levels (SI = 1.15, SIM = 1.13). In each case, the estimated CAD risk was greater than that predicted by assuming the additivity and multiplication of effects. We conclude that the 1166C allele increases the risk of CAD associated with the presence of cigarette smoking and hypercholesterolemia.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the Medical University of Silesia within the projects NN-2-016/06, NN-2-102/05.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow Str 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland

    Pawel Niemiec & Iwona Zak

  2. First Department and Clinic of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Ziolowa Str 45/47, 40-635, Katowice, Poland

    Krystian Wita

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  1. Pawel Niemiec
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  2. Iwona Zak
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Correspondence to Pawel Niemiec.

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Niemiec, P., Zak, I. & Wita, K. The Risk of Coronary Artery Disease Associated with Cigarette Smoking and Hypercholesterolemia Is Additionally Increased by the Presence of the AT 1 R Gene 1166C Allele. Biochem Genet 46, 799–809 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-008-9194-2

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