Challenges in X-Ray Medical Diagnosis

This article analyzes current challenges in medical X-ray diagnosis. The design of a tunnel-type ionization chamber for recording dose and dose power over a wide range of bremsstrahlung radiation energies is discussed. We address questions related to the standardization of apparatus and the creation of a universal digital platform for X-ray radiotherapy instruments as the basis for building state-of-the-art, productive, safe, and reliable radiotherapy instruments with different operating modes in terms of power supply voltage and power, from kilowatts to tens of kilowatts. The article also considers the state of X-ray diagnosis in general and the quality of X-ray apparatus; the challenge of measuring technogenic radiation doses to patients; the use of digital technologies providing digital images of quality no less than and even greater than that of film-based images combined with significant reductions in effective doses during investigations, and the advantages of computer processing; the treatment of nosological groups of diseases by radiotherapy; the needs for radiotherapy systems based on medical linear electron accelerators; radiation safety for staff and the population; small-scale, mobile devices for X-ray investigations in patients; and legal and technical aspects. A special program for assessing the detective quantum efficiency of dynamic digital X-ray image detectors is proposed.