Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Telomeres and Telomerase Biology in Vertebrates: Progress Towards a Non-Human Model for Replicative Senescence and Ageing

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Biogerontology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Studies on telomere and telomerase biology are fundamental to the understanding of human ageing and age-related diseases such as cancer. However, human studies of whole body ageing are hampered by the lack of suitable fully reflective animal model systems, the wild-type mouse model being unsuitable due to differences in telomere biology. Here we summarise recent data on the biology of telomeres, telomerase, and the tumour suppressor protein p53 in various animals, and examine their possible roles in replicative senescence, ageing, and tumourigenesis. The advantages and disadvantages of various animals as model systems for whole body ageing in humans are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

HTERT:

human telomerase catalytic subunit

M1:

mortality stage 1 (replicative senescence)

PDs:

population doublings

terc :

mouse telomerase RNA subunit gene

References

  • DA Alcorta Y Xiong D Phelps G Hannon D Beach JC Bennet (1996) ArticleTitleInvolvement of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16 (INK4a) in replicative senescence of normal human fibroblasts Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 13742–13747 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.93.24.13742 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xnt1GntbY%3D Occurrence Handle8943005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • RC Allshire M Dempster ND Hastie (1989) ArticleTitleHuman telomeres contain at least three types of G-rich repeat distributed non-randomly Nucl Acids Res 17 4611–4627 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXkvFWmt7c%3D Occurrence Handle2664709

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • RC Allsopp H Vaziri C Patterson S Goldstein EV Younglai AB Futcher CW Greider CB Harley (1992) ArticleTitleTelomere length predicts replicative capacity of human fibroblasts Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 10114–10118 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhvF2luw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle1438199

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DJ Argyle L Nasir (2003) ArticleTitleTelomerase: a potential diagnostic and therapeutic tool in canine oncology Vet Pathol 40 1–7 Occurrence Handle10.1354/vp.40-1-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVynurg%3D Occurrence Handle12627707

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D Argyle V Ellsmore EA Gault AF Munro L Nasir (2003) ArticleTitleEquine telomeres and telomerase in cellular immortalisation and ageing Mech Ageing Dev 124 759–764 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0047-6374(03)00104-0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktFSns78%3D Occurrence Handle12782419

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • P Atadja H Wong I Garkavstev C Veillette K Riabowol (1995) ArticleTitleIncreased activity of p53 in senescing fibroblasts Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 8348–8352 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXnvVymtbg%3D Occurrence Handle7667293

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • GM Baerlocher J Mak A Roth KS Rice PM Lansdorp (2003) ArticleTitleTelomere shortening in leukocyte subpopulations from baboons J Leukoc Biol 73 289–296 Occurrence Handle10.1189/jlb.0702361 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtF2lu7w%3D Occurrence Handle12554806

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DM Baird J Rowson D Wynford-Thomas D Kipling (2003) ArticleTitleExtensive allelic variation and ultrashort telomeres in senescent human cells Nat Genet 33 203–207 Occurrence Handle10.1038/ng1084 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnsFSkuw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle12539050

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CD Belair TR Yeager PM Lopez CA Reznikoff (1997) ArticleTitleTelomerase activity: a biomarker of cell proliferation, not malignant transformation Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 13677–13682 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.94.25.13677 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXotValsbY%3D Occurrence Handle9391085

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D Betts V Bordignon J Hill Q Winger M Westhusin L Smith W King (2001) ArticleTitleReprogramming of telomerase activity and rebuilding of telomere length in cloned cattle Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 1077–1082 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.031559298 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXht1Smsbw%3D Occurrence Handle11158597

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • YM Bhatnagar PV Mishra JA Martinez KM Saxena W Wertelecki (1995) ArticleTitleTelomeres of higher primates Biochem Mol Biol Int 37 57–64 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjsVWlsrk%3D Occurrence Handle8653088

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BJ Biller BE Kitchell D Casey CD Cadile (1998) ArticleTitleEvaluation of an assay for detecting telomerase activity in neoplastic tissues of dogs Am J Vet Res 59 1526–1528 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXitlag Occurrence Handle9858400

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • EH Blackburn (1991) ArticleTitleStructure and function of telomeres Nature 350 569–573 Occurrence Handle10.1038/350569a0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXisVWnsLg%3D Occurrence Handle1708110

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • AG Bodnar M Ouellette M Frolkis SE Holt CP Chiu GB Morin CB Harley JW Shay S Lichtsteiner WE Wright (1998) ArticleTitleExtension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells Science 279 349–352 Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.279.5349.349 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmtlOjug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9454332

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JA Bond MF Haughton JM Rowson PJ Smith V Gire D Wynford-Thomas FS Wyllie (1999) ArticleTitleControl of replicative life span in human cells: barriers to clonal expansion intermediate between M1 senescence and M2 crisis Mol Cell Biol 19 3103–3114 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXit1alurk%3D Occurrence Handle10082577

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JP Brown W Wei JM Sedivy (1997) ArticleTitleBypass of senescence after disruption of the p21CIP1/WAF1 gene in normal diploid human fibroblasts Science 277 831–834 Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.277.5327.831 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXlt1eku70%3D Occurrence Handle9242615

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • TH Brümmendorf J Mak KM Sabo GM Baerlocher K Dietz JL Abkowitz PM Lansdorp (2002) ArticleTitleLongitudinal studies of telomere length in feline blood cells: implications for haematopoietic stem cell turnover in vivo Exp Hematol 30 1147–1152 Occurrence Handle12384145

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CD Cadile BE Kitchell BJ Biller ER Hetler RG Balkin (2001) ArticleTitleTelomerase activity as a marker for malignancy in feline tissues Am J Vet Res 62 1578–1581 Occurrence Handle10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1578 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXns1yks7c%3D Occurrence Handle11592322

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J Campisi (2000) ArticleTitleCancer, aging and cellular senescence In vivo 14 183–188 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3itVGktw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10757076

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LM Carioto SA Kruth DH Betts WA King (2001) ArticleTitleTelomerase activity in clinically normal dogs and dogs with malignant lymphoma Am J Vet Res 62 1442–1446 Occurrence Handle10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1442 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mrht1Chuw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11560275

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • TA Carman CA Afshari JC Barrett (1998) ArticleTitleCellular senescence in telomerase-expressing Syrian hamster embryo cells Exp Cell Res 244 33–42 Occurrence Handle10.1006/excr.1998.4207 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmslWmsrg%3D Occurrence Handle9770346

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • RM Cawthorn KR Smith E O’Brien A Sivatchenkjo RA Kerber (2003) ArticleTitleAssociation between telomere length in blood and mortality in people aged 60 years or older Lancet 361 393–396

    Google Scholar 

  • C Chadeneau P Siegel CB Harley WJ Muller S Bacchetti (1995) ArticleTitleTelomerase activity in normal and malignant murine tissues Oncogene 11 893–898 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXosVyrurY%3D Occurrence Handle7675448

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • E Chang CB Harley (1995) ArticleTitleTelomere length and replicative aging in human vascular tissues Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 11190–11194 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXps1altrs%3D Occurrence Handle7479963

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H Cherif JL Tarry SE Ozanne CN Hales (2003) ArticleTitleAgeing and telomeres: a study into organ- and gender-specific telomere shortening Nucleic Acids Res 31 1576–1583 Occurrence Handle10.1093/nar/gkg208 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXit1ylurk%3D Occurrence Handle12595567

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • AJ Clark P Ferrier S Aslam S Burl C Denning D Wylie A Ross P Sousa ParticleDe I Wilmut W Cui (2003) ArticleTitleProliferative life span is conserved after nuclear transfer Nat Cell Biol 5 535–538 Occurrence Handle10.1038/ncb992 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktlWnsr4%3D Occurrence Handle12738962

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DM Cooley DL Schlittler LT Glickman M Hayek DJ Waters (2003) ArticleTitleExceptional longevity in pet dogs is accompanied by cancer resistance and delayed onset of major diseases J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 58 B1078–1084 Occurrence Handle14684704

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • GM Coviello-McLaughlin KR Prowse (1997) ArticleTitleTelomere length regulation during postnatal development and ageing in Mus spretus Nucleic Acids Res 25 3051–3058 Occurrence Handle10.1093/nar/25.15.3051 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXltlCksrg%3D Occurrence Handle9224604

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • W Cui S Aslam J Fletcher D Wylie M Clinton AJ Clark (2002) ArticleTitleStabilization of telomere length and karyotypic stability are directly correlated with the level of hTERT gene expression in primary fibroblasts J Biol Chem 277 38531–38539 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xns1Cntr4%3D Occurrence Handle12122013

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • W Cui D Wylie S Aslam A Dinnyes T King I Wilmut AJ Clark (2003) ArticleTitleTelomerase-immortalized sheep fibroblasts can be reprogrammed by nuclear transfer to undergo early development Biol Reprod 69 15–21 Occurrence Handle10.1095/biolreprod.102.013250 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkvFCntr4%3D Occurrence Handle12606403

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • F d’Adda di Fagagna PM Reaper L Clay-Farrace H Fiegler P Carr T Zglinicki Particlevon G Saretzki NP Carter SP Jackson (2003) ArticleTitleA DNA damage checkpoint-mediated response in telomere-initiated senescence Nature 426 194–198 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXovVKmtbY%3D Occurrence Handle14608368

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T Davis JW Skinner RGA Faragher CJ Jones D Kipling (2005) ArticleTitleReplicative senescence in sheep fibroblasts is a p53-dependent process Exp Gerontol 40 17–26 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.exger.2004.09.004 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmtleltQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle15664728

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T Lange Particlede L Shiue RM Myers DR Cox SL Naylor AM Killery HE Varmus (1990) ArticleTitleStructure and variability of human chromosome ends Mol Cell Biol 10 518–527 Occurrence Handle2300052

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ME Delany LM Daniels SE Swanberg HA Taylor (2003) ArticleTitleTelomeres in the chicken: genome stability and chromosome ends Poult Sci 82 917–926 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkvVKqtr8%3D Occurrence Handle12817446

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A DiLeonardo SP Linke K Clarkin GM Wahl (1994) ArticleTitleDNA damage triggers a prolonged p53-dependent G1 arrest and long term induction of Cip1 in normal human fibroblasts Genes Dev 8 2540–2551 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXitVygsLg%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GP Dimri X Lee G Baslie M Acosta G Scott C Roskelley EE Medrano M Linskens I Rubelj OM Pereira-Smith M Peacocke J Campisi (1995) ArticleTitleA novel biomarker identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 9363–9367 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXosVWlur0%3D Occurrence Handle7568133

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MA Dunham AA Neumann CL Fasching RR Reddel (2000) ArticleTitleTelomere maintenance by recombination in human cells Nat Genet 26 447–450 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXptVWgtrs%3D Occurrence Handle11101843

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • YR Feng D Norwood R Shibata D Gee X Xiao M Martin SL Zeichner DS Dimitrov (1999) ArticleTitleTelomere dynamics in HIV-1 infected and uninfected chimpanzees measured by an improved method based on high-resolution two-dimensional calibration of DNA sizes J Med Primatol 28 1–10 Occurrence Handle10372535

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BE Flanary WJ Streit (2003) ArticleTitleTelomeres shorten with age in rat cerebellum and cortex in vivo J Anti-Aging Med 6 299–308 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjsV2gurc%3D Occurrence Handle15142431

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BE Flanary WJ Streit (2004) ArticleTitleProgressive telomere shortening occurs in cultured rat microglia, but not astrocytes Glia 45 75–88 Occurrence Handle10.1002/glia.10301 Occurrence Handle14648548

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • NR Forsyth WE Wright JW Shay (2002) ArticleTitleTelomerase and differentiation in multicellular organisms: turn it on, turn it off again Differentiation 69 188–197 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1432-0436.2002.690412.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xhs1Witr4%3D Occurrence Handle11841477

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • NR Forsyth FFB Elder JW Shay WE Wright (2005) ArticleTitleLagomorphs (rabbits, pikas and hares) do not use telomere-directed replicative aging in vitro Mech Ageing Dev 126 685–691 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.mad.2005.01.003 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXktVKqsLc%3D Occurrence Handle15888323

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • PA Fradiani F Ascenzioni M Lavitrano P Donini (2004) ArticleTitleTelomeres and telomerase activity in pig tissues Biochimie 86 7–12 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.biochi.2003.11.009 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhsV2rs7c%3D Occurrence Handle14987795

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Y Funakoshi H Nakayama K Uetsuka R Nishimura N Sasaki K Doi (2000) ArticleTitleCellular proliferative and telomerase activity in canine mammary gland tumors Vet Pathol 37 177–183 Occurrence Handle10.1354/vp.37-2-177 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXitVCisbs%3D Occurrence Handle10714647

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • WD Funk CK Wang DN Shelton CB Harley GD Pagon WK Hoeffler (2000) ArticleTitleTelomerase expression restores dermal integrity to in vitro-aged fibroblasts in a reconstituted skin model Exp Cell Res 258 270–278 Occurrence Handle10.1006/excr.2000.4945 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkvVWrtro%3D Occurrence Handle10896778

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • I García-Cao M García-Cao J Martín-Caballero LM Criado P Klatt JM Flores JC Weill MA Blasco M Serrano (2002) ArticleTitle“Super p53” mice exhibit enhanced DNA damage response, are tumor resistant and age normally EMBO J 21 6225–6235 Occurrence Handle12426394

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • RA Greenberg RC Allsopp L Chin GB Morin RA DePinho (1998) ArticleTitleExpression of mouse telomerase reverse transcriptase during development, differentiation and proliferation Oncogene 16 1723–1730 Occurrence Handle10.1038/sj.onc.1201933 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXisVKjtLw%3D Occurrence Handle9582020

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • C Harle-Bachor P Boukamp (1996) ArticleTitleTelomerase activity in the regenerative basal layer of the epidermis in human skin and in immortal and carcinoma - derived skin keratinocytes Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 6376–6481 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.93.13.6476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CB Harley AB Futcher CW Greider (1990) ArticleTitleTelomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts Nature 345 458–460 Occurrence Handle10.1038/345458a0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXksFKntb4%3D Occurrence Handle2342578

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M Harvey AT Sands RS Weiss ME Hegi RW Wiseman P Pantazis BC Giovanella MA Tainsky A Bradley LA Donehower (1993) ArticleTitleIn vitro growth characteristics of embryo fibroblasts from p53-deficient mice Oncogene 8 2457–2467 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXmsVKms7Y%3D Occurrence Handle8103211

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ND Hastie M Dempster MG Dunlop AM Thompson DK Green RC Allshire (1990) ArticleTitleTelomere reduction in human colorectal carcinoma and with ageing Nature 346 866–868 Occurrence Handle10.1038/346866a0 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By%2BA28zivFM%3D Occurrence Handle2392154

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • R Hastings N-I Li PS Lacy H Patel KE Herbert AG Stanley B Williams (2004) ArticleTitleRapid telomere attrition in cardiac tissue of the ageing Wistar rat Exp Gerontol 39 855–857 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.exger.2004.02.003 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjvVahu70%3D Occurrence Handle15130681

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hay R (1970) In: Holeckova E and Cristofalo VJ (eds) Aging in Cell and Tissue Culture. Plenum, NY

  • L Hayflick PS Moorhead (1961) ArticleTitleThe serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains Exp Cell Res 25 585–621 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0014-4827(61)90192-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MT Hemann CW Greider (2000) ArticleTitleWild-derived inbred mouse strains have short telomeres Nucleic Acids Res 28 4474–4478 Occurrence Handle10.1093/nar/28.22.4474 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXosVeksro%3D Occurrence Handle11071935

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S Henderson RC Allsopp D Spector SS Wang C Harley (1996) ArticleTitleIn situ analysis of changes in telomere size during replicative ageing and cell-transformation J Cell Biol 134 1–12 Occurrence Handle10.1083/jcb.134.1.1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XktVCqtb8%3D Occurrence Handle8698806

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K Hiyama Y Hirai S Kyoizumi M Akiyama E Hiyama MA Piatysek JW Shay S Ishioka M Yamakido (1995) ArticleTitleActivation of telomerase in human lymphocytes and haematopoietic progenitor cells J Immunol 155 3711–3715 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXos1Kksrs%3D Occurrence Handle7561072

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • KE Huffman SD Levene VM Tesmer JW Shay WE Wright (2000) ArticleTitleTelomere shortening is proportional to the size of the G-rich telomeric 30-overhang J Biol Chem 275 19719–19722 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkslaht78%3D Occurrence Handle10787419

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K Itahana GP Dimri J Campisi (2001) ArticleTitleRegulation of cellular senescence by p53 Eur J Biochem 268 2784–2791 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02228.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXktVSktro%3D Occurrence Handle11358493

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K Itahana GP Dimri E Hara Y Itahana Y Zou PY Desprez J Campisi (2002) ArticleTitleA role for p53 in maintaining and establishing the quiescence growth arrest in human cells J Biol Chem 277 18206–18214 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.M201028200 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktVCmsbc%3D Occurrence Handle11880381

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K Itahana J Campisi GP Dimri (2004) ArticleTitleMechanisms of cellular senescence in human and mouse cells Biogerontology 5 1–10 Occurrence Handle10.1023/B:BGEN.0000017682.96395.10 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhsFyksrg%3D Occurrence Handle15138376

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BJ Jennings SE Ozanne MW Dorling CN Hales (1999) ArticleTitleEarly growth determines longevity in male rats and may be related to telomere shortening in the kidney FEBS Lett 448 4–8 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00336-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXit1Wrtro%3D Occurrence Handle10217398

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • L Jiang DB Carter J Xu X Yang RS Prather XC Tian (2004) ArticleTitleTelomere lengths in cloned transgenic pigs Biol Reprod 70 1589–1593 Occurrence Handle10.1095/biolreprod.103.022616 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXktlOmsbo%3D Occurrence Handle14749296

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J Kajstura B Pertoldi A Leri CA Beltrami A Deptala Z Darzynkiewicz P Anversa (2000) ArticleTitleTelomere shortening is an in vivo marker of myocyte replication and aging Am J Pathol 156 813–819 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXitVerurg%3D Occurrence Handle10702397

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S Kakuo K Asaoka T Ide (1999) ArticleTitleHuman is a unique species among primates in terms of telomere length Biochem Biophys Res Commun 263 308–314 Occurrence Handle10.1006/bbrc.1999.1385 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlvFanur4%3D Occurrence Handle10491289

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Y Kato T Tani Y Tsunoda (2000) ArticleTitleCloning of calves from various somatic cell types of male and female adult, newborn and fetal cows J Reprod Fertil 120 231–237 Occurrence Handle10.1530/reprod/120.2.231 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXovVajtbc%3D Occurrence Handle11058438

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A Kido T Tsujiuchi T Morishita M Tsutsumi M Takahama Y Miyauchi Y Mii S Tamai Y Konishi (1998) ArticleTitleTelomerase activity correlates with growth of transplantable osteosarcomas in rats treated with cis-diammine dichloroplatinum or the angiogenesis inhibitor AGM-1470 Jpn J Cancer Res 89 1074–1081 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnt1Oju7g%3D Occurrence Handle9849588

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • NW Kim MA Piatyszek KR Prowse CB Harley MD West PL Ho GM Coviello WE Wright SL Weinrich JW Shay (1994) ArticleTitleSpecific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer Science 266 2011–2015 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXisl2lu7g%3D Occurrence Handle7605428

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H Kim S You J Farris B-W Kong SA Christman LK Foster DN Foster (2002) ArticleTitleExpression profiles of p53-, p16(INK4a)-, and telomere-regulating genes in replicative senescent primary human, mouse, and chicken fibroblast cells Exp Cell Res 272 199–208 Occurrence Handle10.1006/excr.2001.5420 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XotVWl Occurrence Handle11777345

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D Kipling (1997) ArticleTitleTelomere structure and telomerase expression during mouse development and tumorigenesis Eur J Cancer 33 792–800 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0959-8049(97)00060-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjvF2nurc%3D Occurrence Handle9282119

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D Kipling (2001) ArticleTitleTelomeres, replicative senescence and human ageing Maturitas 38 25–37 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0378-5122(00)00189-4 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXislegu7k%3D Occurrence Handle11311583

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D Kipling HJ Cooke (1990) ArticleTitleHypervariable ultra-long telomeres in mice Nature 347 400–402 Occurrence Handle10.1038/347400a0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXmt1Gmt7Y%3D Occurrence Handle2170845

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • V Kirchoff S Wong JS St GS Pari (2002) ArticleTitleGeneration of a life-expanded rhesus monkey fibroblast cell line for the growth of rhesus rhadinovirus (RRV) Arch Virol 147 321–333 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s705-002-8322-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xkt1ens7s%3D Occurrence Handle11890526

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T Kitada S Seki N Kawakita T Kuroki T Monna (1995) ArticleTitleTelomere shortening in chronic liver diseases Biochem Biophys Res Commun 211 33–39 Occurrence Handle10.1006/bbrc.1995.1774 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmtFOjsr8%3D Occurrence Handle7779103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K Kobitsu M Tsutsumi T Tsujiuchi F Suzuki A Kido E Okajima T Fukuda T Sakaki Y Konishi (1997) ArticleTitleShortened telomere length and increased telomerase activity in hamster pancreatic duct adenocarcinomas and cell lines Mol Carcinog 18 153–159 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1098-2744(199703)18:3<153::AID-MC4>3.0.CO;2-G Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXit1yks7o%3D Occurrence Handle9115585

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A Krtolica S Parrinello S Lockett PY Desprez J Campisi (2001) ArticleTitleSenescent fibroblasts promote epithelial cell growth and tumorigenesis: a link between cancer and aging Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 12072–12077 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.211053698 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXns1CjsLw%3D Occurrence Handle11593017

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A Krtolica J Campisi (2002) ArticleTitleCancer and aging: a model for the cancer promoting effects of the aging stroma Int J Biochem Cell Biol 34 1401–1414 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1357-2725(02)00053-5 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmsVersbY%3D Occurrence Handle12200035

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MA Lane (2000) ArticleTitleNonhuman primate models in biogerontology Exp Gerontol 35 533–541 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00102-9 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2Fis12rtw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10978676

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • RP Lanza JB Cibelli C Blackwell VJ Cristofalo MK Francis GM Baerlocher J Mak M Schertzer EA Chavez N Sawyer PM Lansdorp MD West (2000) ArticleTitleExtension of cell life-span and telomere length in animals cloned from senescent somatic cells Science 288 665–669 Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.288.5466.665 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXivFGhtrs%3D Occurrence Handle10784448

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • WW Lee KH Nam K Terao Y Yoshikawa (2002) ArticleTitleAge-related telomere length dynamics in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy cynomolgus monkeys measured by Flow FISH Immunology 105 458–465 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-2567.2002.01386.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xjt1Glt7o%3D Occurrence Handle11985666

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S Lejnine VL Makarov JP Langmore (1995) ArticleTitleConserved nucleoprotein structure at the ends of vertebrate and invertebrate chromosomes Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 2393–2397 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXksVGjsrk%3D Occurrence Handle7892278

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J Lindsey NI McGill LA Lindsey DK Green HJ Cooke (1991) ArticleTitleIn vivo loss of telomeric repeats with age in humans Mutat Res 256 45–48 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XktF2q Occurrence Handle1944386

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • VL Makarov S Lejnine J Bedoyan JP Langmore (1993) ArticleTitleNucleosomal organization of telomere-specific chromatin in rat Cell 73 775–787 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0092-8674(93)90256-P Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXks1Gqu7k%3D Occurrence Handle8500170

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • NF Mathon DS Malcolm MC Harrisingh L Cheng AC Lloyd (2001) ArticleTitleLack of replicative senescence in normal rodent glia Science 291 872–875 Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.1056782 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXpslyhsA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11157166

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • TP McKevitt L Nasir P Devlin DJ Argyle (2002) ArticleTitleTelomere lengths in dogs decrease with increasing donor age J Nutr 132 1604S–1606S Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xks1Kqsr8%3D Occurrence Handle12042469

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • TP McKevitt L Nasir CV Wallis DJ Argyle (2003) ArticleTitleA cohort study of telomere and telomerase biology in cats Am J Vet Res 64 1496–1499 Occurrence Handle10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1496 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVSqsbrI Occurrence Handle14672427

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A Melk W Kittikowit I Sandhu KM Halloran P Grimm BM Schmidt PF Halloran (2003) ArticleTitleCell senescence in rat kidneys in vivo increases with growth and age despite lack of telomere shortening Kidney Int 63 2134–2143 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00032.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkvVyiu7s%3D Occurrence Handle12753300

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J Meyne RJ Baker HH Hobart TC Hsu OA Ryder OG Ward JE Wiley DH Wurster-Hill TL Yates RK Moyzis (1990) ArticleTitleDistribution of non-telomeric sites of the (TTAGGG)n telomeric sequence in vertebrate chromosomes Chromosoma 99 3–10 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01737283 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXkvVKgur8%3D Occurrence Handle2340757

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T Minamino H Miyauchi T Yoshida Y Ishida H Yoshida I Komuro (2002) ArticleTitleEndothelial cell senescence in human atherosclerosis: role of telomere in endothelial dysfunction Circulation 105 1541–1544 Occurrence Handle10.1161/01.CIR.0000013836.85741.17 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjtlCmtLg%3D Occurrence Handle11927518

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K Mishima JT Handa A Aotaki-Keen GA Lutty LS Morse LM Hjelmeland (1999) ArticleTitleSenescence-associated beta-galactosidase histochemistry for the primate eye Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40 1590–1593 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M3osFyktw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10359342

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • N Miyashita K Shiga M Yonai K Kaneyama S Kobayashi T Kojima Y Goto M Kishi H Aso T Suzuki M Sakaguchi T Nagai (2002) ArticleTitleRemarkable differences in telomere lengths among cloned cattle derived from different cell types Biol Reprod 66 1649–1655 Occurrence Handle10.1095/biolreprod66.6.1649 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjvFegtbk%3D Occurrence Handle12021043

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • C Mondello C Petropoulou D Monti ES Gonos C Franceschi F Nuzzo (1999) ArticleTitleTelomere length in fibroblasts and blood cells from healthy centenarians Exp Cell Res 248 234–242 Occurrence Handle10.1006/excr.1999.4398 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXitVWgu7Y%3D Occurrence Handle10094830

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • RK Moyzis JM Buckingham LS Cram M Dani LL Deaven M Jones J Meyne RL Ratcliff JR Wu (1988) ArticleTitleA highly conserved repetitive DNA sequence (TTAGGG)n, present at the telomeres of human chromosomes Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 6622–6626 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXmtVGqurs%3D Occurrence Handle3413114

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • WJ Murdoch EA Kirk ParticleVan (2002) ArticleTitleSteroid hormonal regulation of proliferative, p53 tumor suppressive, and apoptotic responses of sheep ovarian surface epithelial cells Mol Cell Endocrinol 186 61–67 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00675-X Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xht1ait7Y%3D Occurrence Handle11850122

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JP Murnane L Sabatier BA Marder WF Morgan (1994) ArticleTitleTelomere dynamics in an immortal human cell line EMBO J 13 4953–4962 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXhvF2hsrk%3D Occurrence Handle7957062

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • I Nanda M Schmid (1994) ArticleTitleLocalization of the telomeric (TTAGGG)n sequence in chicken (Gallus domesticus) chromosomes Cytogenet Cell Genet 65 190–193 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXlvFOisbc%3D Occurrence Handle8222759

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • L Nasir P Devlin T McKevitt G Rutteman DJ Argyle (2001) ArticleTitleTelomere lengths and telomerase activity in dog tissues: a potential model system to study human telomere and telomerase biology Neoplasia 3 351–359 Occurrence Handle10.1038/sj.neo.7900173 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXntVSmur8%3D Occurrence Handle11571635

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • PJ Nielsen JM Ryan (1981) ArticleTitleCumulative population doublings as the determinant of chick cell lifespan in vitro J Cell Physiol 107 371–378 Occurrence Handle10.1002/jcp.1041070308 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:Bi6B3sbotlE%3D Occurrence Handle7251690

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H Niida T Matsumoto H Satoh M Shiwa Y Tokutake Y Furuichi Y Shinkai (1998) ArticleTitleSevere growth defect in mouse cells lacking the telomerase RNA component Nat Genet 19 203–206 Occurrence Handle10.1038/580 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXls1Cqtbo%3D Occurrence Handle9620783

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A Noda Y Ning SF Venable OM Perreira-Smith R Smith (1994) ArticleTitleCloning of senescent cell-derived inhibitors of DNA synthesis using an expression screen Exp Cell Res 21 90–98

    Google Scholar 

  • KF Norrback G Roos (1997) ArticleTitleTelomeres and telomerase in normal and malignant haematopoietic cells Eur J Cancer 33 774–780 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0959-8049(97)00059-2 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByiH38npvFI%3D Occurrence Handle9282116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nowak R (1991) Walker’s Mammals of the World. 5th edition, Vol. II. Johns Hopkins University Press.

  • AM Olovnikov (1973) ArticleTitleA theory of marginotomy. The incomplete copying of template margin in enzymic synthesis of polynucleotides and biological significance of the phenomenon J Theor Biol 41 181–190 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0022-5193(73)90198-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE3sXltleks7k%3D Occurrence Handle4754905

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M Osonai T Tamaki M Yonekawa A Kawamura N Sawada (2002) ArticleTitleTransient increase in telomerase activity of proliferating fibroblasts and endothelial cells in granulation tissue Wound Repair Regen 10 59–66

    Google Scholar 

  • EL Ostler CV Wallis AN Sheerin RGA Faragher (2002) ArticleTitleA model for the phenotypic presentation of Werner’s syndrome Exp Gerontol 37 285–292 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0531-5565(01)00194-2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XitlGh Occurrence Handle11772514

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • V Paradis N Youssef D Dargere N Ba F Bonvoust P Bedossa (2001) ArticleTitleReplicative senescence in normal liver, chronic hepatitis C, and hepatocellular carcinomas Hum Pathol 32 327–332 Occurrence Handle10.1053/hupa.2001.22747 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7oslSktA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11274643

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S Parrinello E Samper A Krtolica J Goldstein S Melov J Campisi (2003) ArticleTitleOxygen sensitivity severely limits the replicative life span of murine fibroblasts Nat Cell Biol 5 741–747 Occurrence Handle10.1038/ncb1024 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlvV2gt78%3D Occurrence Handle12855956

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S Parrinello JP Coppe A Krtolica J Campisi (2005) ArticleTitleStromal-epithelial interactions in aging and cancer: senescent fibroblasts alter epithelial cell differentiation J Cell Sci 118 485–496 Occurrence Handle10.1242/jcs.01635 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhvFKntb0%3D Occurrence Handle15657080

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S Pathak AS Multani DJ McConkey AS Imam MS Amoss SuffixJr (2000) ArticleTitleSpontaneous regression of cutaneous melanoma in Sinclair swine is associated with defective telomerase activity and extensive telomere erosion Int J Oncol 17 1219–1224 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXos1Onuro%3D Occurrence Handle11078808

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • WR Pendergrass PE Penn J Li NS Wolf (2001) ArticleTitleAge-related telomere shortening occurs in lens epithelium from old rats and is slowed by caloric restriction Exp Eye Res 73 221–228 Occurrence Handle10.1006/exer.2001.1033 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkvFyjs7w%3D Occurrence Handle11446772

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • KR Prowse CW Greider (1995) ArticleTitleDevelopmental and tissue-specific regulation of mouse telomerase and telomere length Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 4818–4822 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXlvFyis7o%3D Occurrence Handle7761406

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • GS Roth JA Mattison MA Ottinger ME Chachich MA Lane DK Ingram (2004) ArticleTitleAging in rhesus monkeys: relevance to human health interventions Science 305 1423–1426 Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.1102541 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXntFartb8%3D Occurrence Handle15353793

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • KL Rudolph S Chang HW Lee M Blasco GJ Gottlieb C Greider RA DePinho (1999) ArticleTitleLongevity, stress response, and cancer in aging telomerase-deficient mice Cell 96 701–712 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80580-2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXitVChs7w%3D Occurrence Handle10089885

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • I Russo AR Silver AP Cuthbert DK Griffin DA Trott RF Newbold (1998) ArticleTitleA telomere-independent senescence mechanism is the sole barrier to Syrian hamster cell immortalization Oncogene 17 3417–3426 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXpsF2iuw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10030665

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • NJ Samani R Boultby R Butler JR Thompson AH Goodall (2001) ArticleTitleTelomere shortening in atherosclerosis Lancet 358 472–473 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05633-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtV2ht7o%3D Occurrence Handle11513915

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M Serrano AW Lin ME McCurrach D Beach SW Lowe (1997) ArticleTitleOncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a Cell 88 593–602 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81902-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXhvVSit7k%3D Occurrence Handle9054499

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JW Shay S Bacchetti (1997) ArticleTitleA survey of telomerase activity in human cancer Eur J Cancer 33 787–791 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0959-8049(97)00062-2 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByiH38npvFw%3D Occurrence Handle9282118

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JW Shay WE Wright (2000) ArticleTitleHayflick, his limit, and cellular ageing Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 1 72–76 Occurrence Handle10.1038/35036093 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXivVGju7k%3D Occurrence Handle11413492

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CJ Sherr RA DePinho (2000) ArticleTitleCellular senescence: mitotic clock or culture shock? Cell 102 407–410 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00046-5 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtFOrsL4%3D Occurrence Handle10966103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • R Shibata YR Feng D Gee D Norwood X Xiao SL Zeichner MA Martin DS Dimitrov (1999) ArticleTitleTelomere dynamics in monkeys: increased cell turnover in macaques infected with chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency viruses J Med Primatol 28 1–10 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M3pvFOmsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10372535

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • PG Shiels (1999) ArticleTitleSomatic cell nuclear transfer as a tool for investigating ageing processes in mammals Gene Therapy Mol Biol 4 11–22

    Google Scholar 

  • PG Shiels AJ Kind KH Campbell D Waddington I Wilmut A Colman AE Schnieke (1999) ArticleTitleAnalysis of telomere lengths in cloned sheep Nature 399 316–317 Occurrence Handle10.1038/20580 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjs1Wgt7c%3D Occurrence Handle10360570

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T Shimazui Y Ami N Miyanaga Y Ideyama T Nakahara H Akaza (2002) ArticleTitleTelomerase is upregulated in irreversible preneoplastic lesions during bladder carcinogenesis in rats Jpn J Cancer Res 93 495–500 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlsVGht7w%3D Occurrence Handle12036444

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Y Shimizu T Ishida (2002a) ArticleTitleSomatic mutations in the p53 gene account for the extension of replicative life span of macaque cells Biochem Biophys Res Commun 295 644–650 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00730-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XltVKqu7o%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Y Shimizu T Ishida (2002b) ArticleTitleSpontaneous establishment of a novel Japanese macaque cell line with epithelial cell phenotypes In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 38 311–313 Occurrence Handle10.1290/1071-2690(2002)038<0311:SEOANJ>2.0.CO;2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVSrsr8%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Y Shimizu J Suzuki K Terao T Ishida (2003) ArticleTitleIn vitro aging of macaque adherent cells: similar pattern of cellular aging between human and macaque Mech Ageing Dev 124 237–244 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0047-6374(02)00186-0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhvFWqsb0%3D Occurrence Handle12633944

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • P Slijepcevic MP Hande (1999) ArticleTitleChinese hamster telomeres are comparable in size to mouse telomeres Cytogenet Cell Genet 85 196–199 Occurrence Handle10.1159/000015292 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlvFSiu70%3D Occurrence Handle10449897

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JA Starling J Maule ND Hastie RC Allshire (1990) ArticleTitleExtensive telomere repeat arrays in mouse are hypervariable Nucleic Acids Res 18 6881–6888 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXls1OgsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle2175882

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • GH Stein LF Drullinger A Soulard V Dulic (1999) ArticleTitleDifferential roles for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p16 in the mechanisms of senescence and differentiation in human fibroblasts Mol Cell Biol 19 2109–2117 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhsFequrY%3D Occurrence Handle10022898

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S Steinert DM White Y Zou JW Shay WE Wright (2002) ArticleTitleTelomere biology and cellular aging in nonhuman primate cells Exp Cell Res 272 146–152 Occurrence Handle10.1006/excr.2001.5409 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XotVSm Occurrence Handle11777339

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • N Suzui N Yoshimi K Kawabata H Mori (1999) ArticleTitleThe telomerase activities in several organs and strains of rats with ageing Lab Anim 33 149–154 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjs1Oru7w%3D Occurrence Handle10780818

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SE Swanberg ME Delany (2003) ArticleTitleDynamics of telomere erosion in transformed and non-transformed avian cells in vitro Cytogenet Genome Res 102 318–325 Occurrence Handle10.1159/000075769 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c%2FotVKqsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle14970723

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • HA Taylor ME Delany (2000) ArticleTitleOntogeny of telomerase in chicken: impact of downregulation on pre- and postnatal telomere length in vivo Dev Growth Differ 42 613–621 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1440-169x.2000.00540.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltVShtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11142683

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • XC Tian J Xu X Yang (2000) ArticleTitleNormal telomere lengths found in cloned cattle Nat Genet 26 272–273 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotVWhsLw%3D Occurrence Handle11062462

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T Tsujiuchi M Tsutsumi A Kido K Kobitsu M Takahama T Majima A Denda D Nakae Y Konishi (1996) ArticleTitleIncreased telomerase activity in hyperplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas induced by a choline-deficient l-amino acid-defined diet in rats Jpn J Cancer Res 87 1111–1115 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XntlaqsLo%3D Occurrence Handle9045938

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SD Tyner S Venkatachalam J Choi S Jones N Ghebranious H Igelmann X Lu G Soron B Cooper C Brayton S Hee Park T Thompson G Karsenty A Bradley LA Donehower (2002) ArticleTitlep53 mutant mice that display early ageing-associated phenotypes Nature 415 45–53 Occurrence Handle10.1038/415045a Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xkt1Kgsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11780111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Y Urabe K Nouso T Higashi H Nakatsukasa N Hino K Ashida N Kinugasa K Yoshida S Uematsu T Tsuji (1996) ArticleTitleTelomere length in human liver diseases Liver 16 293–297 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByiD1Mzgs1I%3D Occurrence Handle8938628

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • E Vasile Y Tomita LF Brown O Kocher HF Dvorak (2001) ArticleTitleDifferential expression of thymosin beta-10 by early passage and senescent vascular epithelium is modulated by VPF/VEGF: evidence for senescent epithelial cell in vivo at sites of athersclerosis FASEB J 15 458–466 Occurrence Handle10.1096/fj.00-0051com Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhsFemsrs%3D Occurrence Handle11156961

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H Vaziri F Schachter I Uchida L Wei X Zhu R Effros D Cohen CB Harley (1993) ArticleTitleLoss of telomeric DNA during aging of normal and trisomy 21 human lymphocytes Am J Hum Genet 52 661–667 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhs1Sks7c%3D Occurrence Handle8460632

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H Vaziri W Dragowska RC Allsopp TE Thomas CB Harley PM Lansdorp (1994) ArticleTitleEvidence for a mitotic clock in human hematopoietic stem cells: loss of telomeric DNA with age Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 9857–9860 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmsFahurk%3D Occurrence Handle7937905

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H Vaziri S Benchimol (1996) ArticleTitleFrom telomere loss to p53 induction and activation of a DNA-damage pathway at senescence: the telomere loss/DNA damage model of cell aging Exp Gerontol 31 295–301 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0531-5565(95)02025-X Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XitlansLc%3D Occurrence Handle8706799

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H Vaziri S Benchimol (1998) ArticleTitleReconstitution of telomerase activity in normal human cells leads to elongation of telomeres and extended replicative life span Curr Biol 8 279–282 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70109-5 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhvVaitbc%3D Occurrence Handle9501072

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • RN Venkatesan C Price (1998) ArticleTitleTelomerase expression in chickens: constitutive activity in somatic tissues and down-regulation in culture Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 14763–14768 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2FmtF2nsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9843963

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T Vulliamy A Marrone F Goldman A Dearlove M Bessler PJ Mason I Dokal (2001) ArticleTitleThe RNA component of telomerase is mutated in autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita Nature 413 432–435 Occurrence Handle10.1038/35096585 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXntl2gur0%3D Occurrence Handle11574891

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T Wakayama Y Shinkai KL Tamashiro H Niida DC Blanchard RJ Blanchard A Ogura K Tanemura M Tachibana AC Perry DF Colgan P Mombaerts R Yanagimachi (2000) ArticleTitleCloning of mice to six generations Nature 407 318–319 Occurrence Handle10.1038/35030301 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntFykt7c%3D Occurrence Handle11014179

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams JR and Dearfield KL (1985) In: Cristofalo VJ (ed) Handbook of Cell Biology of Aging, pp 433–450. CRC, Boca Raton, Florida

  • I Wilmut AE Schnieke J McWhir AJ Kind KH Campbell (1997) ArticleTitleViable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells Nature 385 810–813 Occurrence Handle10.1038/385810a0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXhsFamsLs%3D Occurrence Handle9039911

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SCH Wong LL Ong CPN Er S Gao H Yu JBY So (2003) ArticleTitleCloning of rat telomerase catalytic subunit functional domains, reconstitution of telomerase and enzymatic profile of pig and chicken tissues Life Sci 73 2749–2760 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00670-2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnt1aqsLY%3D Occurrence Handle13679242

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • WE Wright JW Shay (2000) ArticleTitleTelomere dynamics in cancer progression and prevention: fundamental differences in human and mouse telomere biology Nat Med 6 849–851 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlsFamtrw%3D Occurrence Handle10932210

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • WE Wright MA Piatysek WE Rainey W Byrd JW Shay (1996) ArticleTitleTelomerase activity in human germline and embryonic tissues and cells Dev Genet 18 173–179 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1520-6408(1996)18:2<173::AID-DVG10>3.0.CO;2-3 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xis1Ort7o%3D Occurrence Handle8934879

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J Xu X Yang (2003) ArticleTitleWill cloned animals suffer premature aging – the story at the end of clones’ chromosomes BMC Reprod Biol Endocrinol 1 105

    Google Scholar 

  • M Yazawa M Okuda A Setoguchi R Nishimura N Sasaki A Hasegawa T Watari H Tsujimoto (1999) ArticleTitleMeasurement of telomerase activity in dog tumors J Vet Med Sci 61 1125–1129 Occurrence Handle10.1292/jvms.61.1125 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnsVSqsbw%3D Occurrence Handle10563290

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M Yazawa M Okuda A Setoguchi S Iwabuchi R Nishimura N Sasaki K Masuda K Ohno H Tsujimoto (2001) ArticleTitleTelomere length and telomerase activity in canine mammary gland tumors Am J Vet Res 62 1539–1543 Occurrence Handle10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1539 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXns1yks7s%3D Occurrence Handle11592316

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M Yazawa M Okuda N Kanaya SH Hong T Takahashi E Ohashi T Nakagawa R Nishimura N Sasaki K Masuda K Ohno H Tsujimoto (2003a) ArticleTitleMolecular cloning of the canine telomerase reverse transcriptase gene and its expression in neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells Am J Vet Res 64 1395–1400 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpt1eiuro%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M Yazawa M Okuda R Uyama T Nakagawa N Kanaya R Nishimura N Sasaki K Masuda K Ohno H Tsujimoto (2003b) ArticleTitleMolecular cloning of the feline telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene and its expression in cell lines and normal tissues J Vet Med Sci 65 573–577 Occurrence Handle10.1292/jvms.65.573 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkvFKju7o%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JM Zijlmans UM Martens SS Poon AK Raap HJ Tanke RK Ward PM Lansdorp (1997) ArticleTitleTelomeres in the mouse have large inter-chromosomal variations in the number of T2AG3 repeats Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 7423–7428 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.94.14.7423 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXksFOmu78%3D Occurrence Handle9207107

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Y Zou X Yi WE Wright JW Shay (2002) ArticleTitleHuman telomerase can immortalize Indian muntjac cells Exp Cell Res 281 63–76 Occurrence Handle10.1006/excr.2002.5645 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XosFOgtbk%3D Occurrence Handle12441130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK

    Terence Davis & David Kipling

Authors
  1. Terence Davis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. David Kipling
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Terence Davis.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Davis, T., Kipling, D. Telomeres and Telomerase Biology in Vertebrates: Progress Towards a Non-Human Model for Replicative Senescence and Ageing. Biogerontology 6, 371–385 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-005-4901-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-005-4901-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation