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Site effects in 3D basins using 1D and 2D models: an evaluation of the differences based on simulations of the seismic response of Euroseistest

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Abstract

Site effects are one of the most predictable factors of destructive earthquake ground motion but results depend on the type of model chosen. We compare simulations of ground motion for a 3D model of the Mygdonian basin in northern Greece (Euroseistest) using different approximation for this basin. Site effects predicted using simple 1D models at many points inside the basin are compared to site effects predicted using four different 2D cross sections across the basin and with results for a full 3D simulation. Surface topography was neglected but anelastic attenuation was included in the simulations. We show that lateral heterogeneity may increase ground motion amplification by 100 %. Larger amplification is distributed in a wide frequency range, and amplification may occur at frequencies different from the expected resonant frequencies for the soil column. In contrast, on a different cross section, smaller conversion of incident energy into surface waves and larger dispersion leads to similar amplitudes of ground motion for 2D and 1D models. In general, results from 2D simulations are similar to those from a complete 3D model. 2D models may overestimate local surface wave amplitudes, especially when the boundaries of the basin are oblique to the selected cross section. However, the differences between 2D and 3D site effects are small, especially in regard of the difficulties and uncertainties associated to building a reliable 3D model for a large basin.

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Acknowledgments

Part of this study was conducted within the framework of the EuroseisTest Verification and Validation Project (E2VP), co-organized by AUTH (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece), ISTerre (Institute des Sciences de la Terre, formerly LGIT: Laboratoire de Geophysique Interne et de Tectonophysique of the Joseph Fourier University of Grenoble, France) and the Cashima research program (supported by the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives—CEA—and the Institut Laue Langevin—ILL—France). KM acknowledges support from the European Union and Greek national funds—Operational Program “Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship” (OPCE II), Greece—China Bilateral R&TD Cooperation under the project number GSRT-12CHN124. FJCG acknowledges support from program UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT under the project number IN102813. 2D synthetic ground motion was computed with the 2DFD_DVS code, available at http://www.nuquake.eu/Computer_Codes/index.html. 3D ground motion simulations were performed by Prof. Peter Moczo, Dr. Jozef Kristek, and their group at Comenius University and Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic to whom we express our gratitude for sharing their results. The comments by two anonymous reviewers were helpful to significantly improve the presentation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering EPPO-ITSAK, 55535, Eleones-Pylaia, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Konstantia Makra

  2. Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, México, D.F., Mexico

    Francisco J. Chávez-García

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  1. Konstantia Makra
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  2. Francisco J. Chávez-García
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Correspondence to Konstantia Makra.

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Makra, K., Chávez-García, F.J. Site effects in 3D basins using 1D and 2D models: an evaluation of the differences based on simulations of the seismic response of Euroseistest. Bull Earthquake Eng 14, 1177–1194 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-015-9862-7

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