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Statistical analysis of soft X-ray solar flares during solar cycles 22, 23, and 24

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Abstract

This paper presents a statistical analysis of soft X-ray flares during the period January 1986 to June 2017 covering the last three solar cycles (SCs) 22, 23, and 24. We have analyzed the distribution of flare number, the relationship between the occurrence rate of soft X-ray flares and solar activity, and the duration of different intensity class (B, C, M, and X) solar flares during the period of investigation. The total occurrence rates of M and X class flares are 10.33%, 6.77%, and 5.45% in SCs 22, 23, and 24, respectively, which indicates that SC 22 is an SC with frequent large flares. Meanwhile, the M and X class flares are mainly concentrated in solar maximum (71.13%) in SC 22. The correlation coefficients between the annual number of flares and solar F10.7 index, X-ray flux in 0.1–0.8 nm, and EUV flux in 0.1–50 nm in SC 24 (0.91, 0.88, and 0.96) are greater than that in SCs 23 (0.87, 0.85, and 0.86) and 22 (0.88 and 0.81). The median values of the duration of M and X class flares are 39.00 and 71.50 minutes in SC 22, 21.00 and 26.50 minutes in SC 23, and 19.00 and 24.00 minutes in SC 24. The duration of M and X class flares in SC 22 is obviously longer than that in SCs 23 and 24. In addition, the duration of flares increases with the increase of flare intensity.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Natural Science Funds of Hebei (Grant No. D2019502010), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2018MS128), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41574151, 41574162, and 41404127) and National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2014AA123503). The F10.7 index, H-alpha solar flare reports, and X-ray flux data are provided by the National Geophysical Data Center. The EUV flux data are from the Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Monitor onboard SOHO. We thank the RHESSI team for providing the flare list (https://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov).

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  1. School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China

    Bo Xiong, Ting Wang, Xiaolin Li & Yunxing Yin

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  1. Bo Xiong
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Xiong, B., Wang, T., Li, X. et al. Statistical analysis of soft X-ray solar flares during solar cycles 22, 23, and 24. Astrophys Space Sci 366, 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-020-03909-z

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