Skip to main content
Log in

Sexual Behaviors and Experiences Among Behaviorally Bisexual Men in the Midwestern United States

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Archives of Sexual Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Research examining the sexual behaviors and experiences of behaviorally bisexual men is limited. Most studies focus primarily on highlighting sexual risk behaviors among groups of “men who have sex with men (MSM)” or “gay and bisexual men,” which may not be appropriate in terms of behaviorally bisexual men’s sexual repertoires with both men and women. This study aimed to assess a broad range of sexual behaviors and associated experiences among bisexual men living in the midwestern United States. An interviewer-administered questionnaire containing items from the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior assessed lifetime and recent (i.e., past 6 months and last event) sexual behaviors and experiences with both male and female partners among a diverse sample of 75 behaviorally bisexual men. Responses were quantified and analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics. A wide range of sexual behaviors with partners of both genders was found. Vaginal intercourse and oral sex with both men and women were the most commonly reported behaviors. Subjective reports of pleasure, arousal, and sexual function during sexual activity were similar with both male and female sexual partners. Many participants reported using condoms during insertive sexual behaviors with male and female partners, but less during oral sex. Unprotected receptive anal sex was less commonly reported. Overall, participants reported a variety of sexual behaviors and experiences; however, unlike other populations, they shared these with partners of both genders. Results have implications for interventions targeting the sexual behaviors and associated issues among behaviorally bisexual men.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Carballo-Diéguez, A., Dolezal, C., Nieves, L., Díaz, F., Decena, C., & Balan, I. (2004). Looking for a tall, dark, macho man: Sexual-role behaviour variations in Latino gay and bisexual men. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 6, 159–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chu, S. Y., Peterman, T. A., Doll, L. S., Buehler, J. W., & Curran, J. W. (1992). AIDS in bisexual men in the United States: Epidemiology and transmission to women. American Journal of Public Health, 82, 220–224.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, B., Jeffries, W. L., & Sandfort, T. G. M. (2008a). Beyond the Down Low: Sexual risk, protection, and disclosure among at-risk Black men who have sex with both men and women (MSMW). Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37, 683–696.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, B., Reece, M., Herbenick, D., Fisher, C., Satinsky, S., & Stupiansky, N. (2008b). Relations between sexually transmitted infection diagnosis and sexual compulsivity in a community-based sample of men who have sex with men. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 84, 324–327.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, B., Van Der Pol, B., Reece, M., Malebranche, D. J., Martinez, O., Goncalves, G., et al. (in press). Rectal self-sampling in non-clinical venues for the detection of rectal sexually transmitted infections (STI) among behaviorally bisexual men. Sexual Health.

  • Dodge, B., Van Der Pol, B., Rosenberger, J. G., Reece, M., Roth, A. M., Herbenick, D., et al. (2010). Field collection of rectal samples for sexually transmitted infection diagnostics among men who have sex with men. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 21, 260–264.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doll, L. S., & Beeker, C. (1996). Male bisexual behavior and HIV risk in the United States: Synthesis of research and implications for interventions. AIDS Education and Prevention, 8, 205–225.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doll, L. S., Myers, T., Kennedy, M., & Allman, D. (1997). Bisexuality and HIV risk: Experiences in Canada and the United States. Annual Review of Sex Research, 8, 102–147.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doll, L. S., Peterson, L. R., White, C. R., Johnson, E. S., Ward, J. W., & The Blood Donor Study Group. (1992). Homosexually and nonhomosexually identified men who have sex with men: A behavioral comparison. Journal of Sex Research, 29, 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodenow, C., Netherland, J., & Szalacha, L. (2002). AIDS-related risk among adolescent males who have sex with males, females, or both: Evidence from a statewide study. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 203–210.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heckman, T. G., Kelly, J. A., Sikkema, K. J., Roffman, R. R., Solomon, L. J., Winett, R. A., et al. (1995). Differences in HIV risk between bisexual and exclusively gay men. AIDS Education and Prevention, 7, 504–512.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herbenick, D., Reece, M., Schick, V., Sanders, S. A., Dodge, B., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2010). An event-level analysis of sexual characteristics and composition among adults ages 10 to 59: Results from a national probability sample in the United States. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(5 suppl.), 346–361.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, D. (2009). Heterosexual Latino men’s same-sex behavior may put their partners at risk. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 41, 131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffries, W. L., & Dodge, B. (2007). Male bisexuality and condom use at last sexual encounters: Results from a national survey. Journal of Sex Research, 44, 278–289.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • King, J. L. (2004). On the down low: A journey into the lives of “straight” Black men who sleep with men. New York: Broadway Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lansky, A., Thomas, J. C., & Earp, J. A. (1998). Partner-specific sexual behaviors among persons with both main and other partners. Family Planning Perspectives, 30, 93–99.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malebranche, D. (2003). Black men who have sex with men and the HIV epidemic: Next steps for public health. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 862–865.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malebranche, D. J. (2008). Bisexually active Black men in the United States and HIV: Acknowledging more than the “down low”. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37, 810–816.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, O., Dodge, B., Reece, M., Schnarrs, P. W., Rhodes, S. D., Goncalves, G., et al. (2011). Sexual health and life experiences: Voices from behaviourally bisexual Latino men in the Midwestern USA. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 13, 1073–1089.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McPhillips, K., Braun, V., & Gavey, N. (2001). Defining (hetero)sex: How imperative is the “coital imperative?”. Women Studies International Forum, 24, 229–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, C. H., Hart, G. J., Johnson, A. M., & Cassell, J. A. (2009). Behaviourally bisexual men as a bridge population for HIV and sexually transmitted infections? Evidence from a national probability survey. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 20, 87–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Millett, G., Malebranche, D., Mason, B., & Spikes, P. (2005). Focusing “down low”: Bisexual black men, HIV risk and heterosexual transmission. Journal of the National Medical Association, 97(7 Suppl.), 52S–59S.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz-Laboy, M. (2004). MSM: Sexual desire among bisexually-active Latino men in New York City. Sexualities, 7, 55–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz-Laboy, M., & Dodge, B. (2005). Bisexual practices: Patterns, meanings, and implications for HIV/STI prevention among bisexually-active Latino men and their partners. Journal of Bisexuality, 5, 81–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz-Laboy, M., & Dodge, B. (2007). Bisexual Latino men and HIV and sexually transmitted infections risk: An exploratory analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 1102–1106.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reece, M., Herbenick, D., Schick, V., Sanders, S. A., Dodge, B., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2010). Background and considerations on the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB) from the investigators. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(Suppl. 5), 243–245.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rieger, G., Chivers, M. L., & Bailey, J. M. (2005). Sexual arousal patterns of bisexual men. Psychological Science, 16, 579–584.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberger, J. G., Dodge, B., Van Der Pol, B., Reece, M., Herbenick, D., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2011). Reactions to self-sampling for ano-rectal sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men: A qualitative study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40, 281–288.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandfort, T. G. M., & Dodge, B. (2008). “And then there was the down low”: Introduction to Black and Latino male bisexualities. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37, 675–682.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandfort, T. G. M., & Dodge, B. (2009). Homosexual and bisexual labels and behaviors among men: The need for clear conceptualizations, accurate operationalizations, and appropriate methodological designs. In V. Reddy, T. G. M. Sandfort, & R. Rispel (Eds.), Perspectives on same-sex sexuality, gender and HIV/AIDS in South Africa: From social silence to social science (pp. 51–57). Pretoria, South Africa: Human Sciences Research Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Satinsky, S., Fisher, C., Stupiansky, N., Dodge, B., Alexander, A., Herbenick, D., et al. (2008). Sexual compulsivity among men in a decentralized MSM community of the midwestern United States. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 22, 553–560.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schnarrs, P. W., Rosenberger, J. G., Schick, V., Novak, D. S., Herbenick, D., Reece, M. (in press). Gay and bisexual Latino men’s health and behaviors: A national online sample. International Journal of Men’s Health.

  • Thomas, S. G., & Hodges, B. (1991). Assessing AIDS knowledge, attributes, and risk behaviors among Black and Hispanic homosexual and bisexual men: Results of a feasibility study. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 17, 116–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zule, W., Bobashev, G., Wechsberg, W., Costenbader, E., & Coomes, C. (2009). Behaviorally bisexual men and their risk behaviors with men and women. Journal of Urban Health, 86, 48–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Funding for this study was provided by the National Institutes of Health, grant R21 HD 059494 (Brian Dodge, Ph.D., Principal Investigator). We greatly appreciate the assistance of our Community Advisory Committee throughout the course of the study. We also thank the reviewers of this article for their constructive feedback.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brian Dodge.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dodge, B., Schnarrs, P.W., Reece, M. et al. Sexual Behaviors and Experiences Among Behaviorally Bisexual Men in the Midwestern United States. Arch Sex Behav 42, 247–256 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-011-9878-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-011-9878-2

Keywords

Navigation