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Effects of acute hypoxia stress on hemato-biochemical parameters, oxidative resistance ability, and immune responses of hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco × P. vachelli) juveniles

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Abstract

Stress-induced by low water-dissolved oxygen (DO) negatively influences the overall fish performances. Hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco × P. vachelli) was subjected to 2 DO levels: 1.5 mg/L (hypoxia) and 6.5 mg/L (control-normoxia) during the period of the experiment. Blood and liver were sampled at 0.0-, 6.0-, 12.0-, 24.0-, 48.0-, and 96.0-h post-exposure. Results showed an increase in the hematological parameters including white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit percentage (HCT) during the first 24 h. HCT and HGB values were significantly increased after 6-h and 12-h post-exposure, whereas RBC and WBC counts were significantly decreased 48-h and 96-h post-exposure to hypoxia. Glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were increased in hypoxia group, meanwhile serum total protein (TP) showed balanced values in hypoxia group. Glucose values were significantly increased from 6 h, while the other parameters such ALT, AST, and TG were mostly significant increased at 96 h. Hypoxia-induced stress mostly affects the hepatic antioxidant and immune resistance functions, resulting in increments of cortisol levels, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzyme activities. The concentration increments were observed in lactate dehydrogenase, hepatic TG, and complement C3 in hypoxia group. Liver TP and glycogen were reduced in the hypoxia group throughout the whole experiment time. Interestingly, all the indices (hemato-biochemical, oxidation, and immune resistance) were returned to normal after 96 h of recovery. Therefore, we conclude that DO below the normal threshold induced metabolic stress, immune suppression, and oxidative stress of the exposed fish. Although hybrid yellow catfish developed some strong adaptabilities to maintain oxygen provision, and generate energy from anaerobic sources to resist, these results contribute positively to the insights on different metabolic responses involved during hypoxic conditions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank the staffs of Fish Biotechnology Research Laboratory for their help with the experiment.

Funding

This study was supported by the Central Public interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS [Grant no. 2020JBFR04] and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China [Grant no. BK20181137].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China

    Missinhoun Dagoudo, Jun Qiang, Jin-Wen Bao, Yi-Fan Tao, Hao-Jun Zhu & Pao Xu

  2. Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 9 East Shanshui Road, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China

    Missinhoun Dagoudo, Jun Qiang, Ezra Mutebi Tumukunde, Tlou Kevin Ngoepe & Pao Xu

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Correspondence to Jun Qiang or Pao Xu.

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The methods and protocols used in this study agree with the Guidelines for Experimental Animals established by the National Ministry of Science and Technology (Beijing, China) and the Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre of the Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Wuxi (Jiangsu, China). The ethics approval number for this experiment is 2019-034. The fish were maintained in well-aerated water and treated with 200 mg/L tricaine methane sulfonate (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) for rapid deep anesthesia. The samples were extracted based on the guide for the care and use of Laboratory Animals in China.

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Dagoudo, M., Qiang, J., Bao, JW. et al. Effects of acute hypoxia stress on hemato-biochemical parameters, oxidative resistance ability, and immune responses of hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco × P. vachelli) juveniles. Aquacult Int 29, 2181–2196 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00742-1

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