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Long-term effects of vermicompost manure leachate (powder) inclusions on growth and survival, biochemical composition, total carotenoids, and broodstock reproductive performance of Artemia franciscana (Kellogg, 1906)

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Abstract

Long-term effects of different levels of dietary vermicompost manure leachate powder (VCL) were investigated on the nauplii growth and survival, biochemical composition, total carotenoids, and reproductive performance of broodstock Artemia franciscana in laboratory cultures. The instar I nauplii were fed in five treatments including 100% of the microalga Dunaliella salina (Alg; control group, with a density of 18 × 106 cells mL−1) and mixtures of 75% Alg-25% VCL, 50% Alg-50% VCL, 25% Alg-75% VCL, and 100% VCL for 3 weeks. At maturity, 35 pairs (males and females) were individually isolated from each treatment and transferred to 50-mL falcon tubes in which the reproduction and longevity of females were monitored until mortality. Results showed that the total length of Artemia in the control, 75 Alg-25 VCL, and 50 Alg-50 VCL treatments was significantly different from the other groups at the end of the 2nd and 3rd weeks. The pre-puberty survival rate was severely affected by the increased dietary levels of VCL declining from 52% (control) to 6.7% (100 VCL). The adults’ body protein levels in the control and 75 Alg-25 VCL (54–57%) were similar, but both groups were significantly different from the other treatments. However, the lipid content (13.7–19.8%) and total carotenoids (36.5–47.7 μg mg−1) were significantly different between treatments. Many broodstocks’ reproductive characteristics were affected by the diet so that the total number of offspring in the control was markedly higher than the other groups. However, the number of offspring per brood revealed no differences between the control and 75 Alg-25 VCL treatment, but both were significantly dissimilar with the other groups. The interval between two successive brood productions detected in 100 VCL was almost double those in the other groups. The lifetimes of Artemia were not significantly different in the treatments received varied algal diets with the lowest lifespan in 100 VCL treatment. By increasing VCL to over 25%, the growth, survival, and particularly females’ reproductive performance decreased significantly so that Artemia had to be fed only up to 25% VCL (with 75% Alg). These findings indicate an inefficiency of VCL powder supply in long-term feeding to A. franciscana. Moreover, the use of only 25% VCL is apparently appropriate in small-scale laboratory cultures.

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Abbreviations

VCL:

Vermicompost manure leachate powder

Alg:

Algae

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the SANRU University. The authors thank Dr. Naser Agh for the supply of Artemia cyst.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran

    Saeid Vahdat

  2. Fisheries Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Km 9, KhazarAbad, P.O.Box 578, Sari, Iran

    Abolghasem Esmaeili Fereidouni & Mohammad Kazem Khalesi

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  1. Saeid Vahdat
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Vahdat, S., Esmaeili Fereidouni, A. & Khalesi, M.K. Long-term effects of vermicompost manure leachate (powder) inclusions on growth and survival, biochemical composition, total carotenoids, and broodstock reproductive performance of Artemia franciscana (Kellogg, 1906). Aquacult Int 26, 569–588 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-017-0232-0

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